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. 2018 Jan 23;9:25. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00025

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Copyright © 2018 Xia, Sun, Gurr, Vasseur, Xue and You.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effect of gut bacteria and compounds on mediation of insecticide resistance in P. xylostella. (A) Effects of live gut bacteria in mediation of resistance to chlorpyrifos; (B) effect of heat-killed gut bacteria in mediation of resistance to chlorpyrifos; and (C) effects of vitamin C and acetylsalicylic acid on mediation of resistance to chlorpyrifos. Eb, Enterobacter sp.; Sm, Serratia sp.; Ec, Enterococcus sp.; Ab, antibiotics; Vc, vitamin C, Ap, acetylsalicylic acid; and CK, control. Error bars are SD.