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. 2018 Jan 23;9:16. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00016

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Copyright © 2018 Winter, Bishop, Wilder, O'Shea, Pavlovic and Shattock.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Modulation of the electrical restitution curve by sympathetic nerve stimulation. (A) Representative action potential duration (APD) restitution curves at baseline and during sympathetic nerve stimulation (SNS). The right panels show the first derivative of the exponential fit of each curve. (B) The same data with normalization to the maximum APD of each curve and the associated first derivative. (C) Data showing the effects of SNS on maximum slope of the APD restitution curve with and without normalization to account for differences in APD between conditions. Data represent mean ± SEM. Two-way ANOVA, with Tukey's post-hoc tests; ^***p < 0.001. (n = 13 hearts).