Table 1.
Descriptive statistics and comparison of 27 acute polyradiculoneuritis cases and 47 controls by exposure variable and univariable exact logistic regression from a case‐control study, March 2015 to February 2017, Australia
| Explanatory Variable | Category | APN Group | Control Group | Odds Ratioa | 95% CI | P‐Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Campylobacter spp. (positive) |
Yes No |
13 14 |
11 36 |
3.00 | 0.98, 9.44 | 0.055 |
| Campylobacter spp. (positive <10 daysb) |
Yes No |
12 7 |
11 36 |
5.44 | 1.54, 20.9 | 0.006 |
| Campylobacter spp. (positive <7 daysb) |
Yes No |
12 4 |
11 36 |
9.39 | 2.28, 48.4 | <0.001 |
| Campylobacter spp. (positive <4 daysb) |
Yes No |
8 2 |
11 36 |
12.4 | 2.07, 136 | 0.003 |
| Campylobacter spp. (type) |
C. jejuni
C. upsaliensis |
4 6 |
1 4 |
2.51 | 0.15, 163 | 0.87 |
| Raw chicken in diet |
Yes No |
26 1 |
12 35 |
70.7 | 9.67, 3,193 | <0.001 |
| Raw meat in diet |
Yes No |
26 1 |
18 29 |
40.0 | 5.60, 1,775 | <0.001 |
| In contact with birds |
Yes No |
3 21 |
6 41 |
0.98 | 0.14, 5.14 | 1.00 |
| Recent vaccination (<6 weeks) |
Yes No |
1 23 |
0 47 |
1.96 | 0.05, ∞ | 0.68 |
| Access to water sources |
Yes No |
4 23 |
12 35 |
0.51 | 0.11, 1.97 | 0.43 |
| Use of insecticides or week killers |
Yes No |
8 16 |
10 37 |
1.83 | 0.52, 6.32 | 0.41 |
| Tendency to scavenge food |
Yes No |
9 15 |
21 26 |
0.75 | 0.24, 2.26 | 0.75 |
| Tendency to scavenge feces |
Yes No |
8 16 |
17 30 |
0.88 | 0.27, 2.77 | 1.00 |
| Outdoor access |
Yes No |
8 16 |
27 20 |
0.37 | 0.11, 1.15 | 0.094 |
| Rurality of residence |
Rural Suburban Urban |
2 10 12 |
2 15 30 |
2.44 1.65 1.0 |
0.16, 37.4 0.51, 5.34 (reference) |
0.54 |
| Female |
Yes No |
19 8 |
31 16 |
1.22 | 0.40, 3.97 | 0.90 |
| Desexed |
Yes No |
20 7 |
40 7 |
0.50 | 0.13, 1.94 | 0.39 |
| ANKC breed sizec |
Large Medium Small |
3 2 22 |
9 14 24 |
2.3 1.0 6.2 |
0.21, 32.2 (reference) 1.22, 62.8 |
0.024 |
| Weight (kg)d |
>20 11–20 7–10 <7 |
2 6 9 10 |
14 12 12 9 |
1.0 3.38 5.03 7.31 |
(reference) 0.48, 40.3 0.81, 56.8 1.16, 84.0 |
0.089 |
| Age (years)e | Mean (SD) | 7.4 (3.6) | 6.7 (3.2) | 1.07 | 0.93, 1.24 | 0.37 |
Odds ratios (OR), 95% confidence intervals (CI), and P‐values calculated using exact logistic regression, suited to small datasets. Where zero in 2 × 2 table cells (and ∞ in CIs) median unbiased estimates.
APN cases where sample was collected within 10, 7, and 4 days from onset of clinical signs, respectively.
According to the ANKC categories (http://ankc.org.au).
Continuous variable categorized into quartiles to enable exact logistic model to converge.
Continuous variable (units): ORs represent increase in odds of a 1 unit increase in the explanatory variable in APN cases compared to odds in controls.