Figure 2. Deguelin inhibits the proliferation of HUVECs.

(A) Effects of deguelin on HUVECs proliferation under normal culture condition. HUVECs (2 × 10⁴ per well) were treated with different concentrations of deguelin for 24 h, cell proliferation was tested by MTS assay. The asterisk indicates a significant (^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01, ^***p < 0.001,) decrease in cell proliferation by deguelin-treated cells. (B) Deguelin inhibits VEGF-induced cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. HUVECs (2 × 10⁴ per well) were starved with 0.5% FBS medium and then treated with or without VEGF (4 ng/mL) and different concentrations of deguelin for 24 h. Cell proliferation was quantified by MTS assay. The asterisk indicates a significant (^**p < 0.01, ^***p < 0.001,) decrease in cell proliferation by deguelin-treated cells. (C) Deguelin-induced cell cycle G2/M arrest. HUVECs were treated as described in Materials and Methods, and flow cytometry analysis was used to analyze deguelin-induced cell cycle arrest. The asterisk indicates a significant (^*p < 0.05) increase in G2/M phase after deguelin treatment.