Table 3. Distribution of baseline characteristics stratified by pretreatment DBIL.
| Baseline characteristics | Training cohort | Validation cohort | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low DBIL | High DBIL | P | Low DBIL | High DBIL | P | |
| Age (years) | 64 (56–73) | 64 (55–73) | 0.196 | 64 (56–75) | 65 (56–74) | 0.259 |
| Sex (male) | 75 (33.33) | 27 (32.93) | 0.947 | 68 (31.34) | 34 (30.91) | 0.937 |
| Smoking | 38 (16.89) | 20 (24.39) | 0.137 | 45 (20.74) | 29 (26.36) | 0.251 |
| ECOG PS | ||||||
| 0–1 | 180 (80.00) | 67 (81.71) | 0.739 | 175 (80.65) | 91 (82.73) | 0.648 |
| 2–3 | 45 (20.00) | 15 (18.29) | 42 (19.35) | 19 (17.27) | ||
| Histological type | ||||||
| Adenocarcinoma | 142 (63.11) | 51 (62.20) | 0.883 | 140 (64.52) | 73 (66.36) | 0.740 |
| Non-adenocarcinoma | 83 (36.89) | 31 (37.80) | 77 (35.48) | 37 (33.64) | ||
| TNM stage (I/II/III) | 61/82/82 | 38/24/20 | 0.005 | 54/76/97 | 39/23/38 | 0.014 |
| pT stage (1/2/3/4) | 32/28/171/14 | 28/16/10/8 | <0.001 | 42/25/128/22 | 30/34/32/14 | <0.001 |
| pN stage (0/1/2/3) | 80/73/42/15 | 48/20/12/17 | 0.001 | 78/92/28/19 | 53/21/29/7 | <0.001 |
| chemotherapy | 151 (67.11) | 36 (43.90) | <0.001 | 148 (68.20) | 27 (24.55) | <0.001 |
| CEA (ng/mL) | ||||||
| <5 | 140 (62.22) | 60 (73.17) | 0.075 | 135 (62.21) | 59 (53.64) | 0.136 |
| ≥5 | 85 (37.78) | 22 (26.83) | 82 (37.79) | 51 (46.36) | ||
ECOG PS, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status; DBIL, direct bilirubin.
All data were analyzed using χ2 test or Mann-Whitney U test.
Values are expressed as medians (interquartile range) or frequencies and percentages.