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. 2018 Jan 24;9:51. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00051

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Copyright © 2018 van der Lee, Hendrikx, Sanders, Berbers and Buisman.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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T-helper 1 (Th1)/Th2 ratio in children 9 years of age before and after a Tdap booster vaccination. The interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) (Th1)/interleukin-13 (IL-13) (Th2) ratio in supernatants of (A) pertussis toxin (PT), (B) filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), (C) pertactin (Prn), or (D) tetanus toxoid-stimulated T-cells of whole-cell pertussis (wP)- (blue circles) and acellular pertussis (aP)-primed (red triangles) children 9 years of age, before, 1 month, and 1 year after a preadolescent Tdap booster vaccination. Note, black lines indicates geometric mean IFN-γ/IL-13 ratio and dotted lines indicates an IFN-γ/IL-13 ratio of 1. *p-Value <0.05 and **p-value <0.01; within the longitudinal study groups, there was only a significant difference for PT-stimulated T-cells between pre- and 1 year post-booster in wP-primed children (p-value <0.05).