Figure 8.

Programming of directional DBS lead designs. Conventional and directional DBS lead designs targeting the subthalamic nucleus for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Computational programming algorithms can accommodate multiple regions of interest such as the dorsolateral subthalamic nucleus (dl-STN) and the superior cerebellar peduncle (SCP) as well as multiple regions of avoidance, i.e., the corticospinal tract within the internal capsule (IC). Shown is an example of a Pareto Front resulting from the particle swarm optimization algorithm approach to identify stimulation settings that maximize activation in regions of interest and minimize activation of regions of avoidance. Images courtesy of Edgar Peña, Julia Slopsema, and Matthew Johnson (with permission).