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Plasma concentrations of circulating inflammatory mediators VCAM-1 (A), IL-1α (B), and IL-4 (C) from young (2 months) and old (18 months) male and female mice treated with isoproterenol. Values are means ± SEM, n = 4 mice. ISO doses were 5, 40, 80, and 160 μg/g/d for 7 days. ISO, isoproterenol; IL-1α, interleukin-1 alpha; IL-4, interleukin-4. *p < 0.05 vs. vehicle same group; &p < 0.05 vs. male same age and dose; #p < 0.05 vs. young same sex and dose determined by Student's t-test.
