Table 1. Baseline characteristics of patients with LVAD with or without IS after LVAD implantation.
| Demographics | LVAD without IS (N=16,699) | LVAD with IS (N=624) | P values |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age category (years) | 0.6 | ||
| 18–64 | 11,936 [72] | 459 [74] | |
| ≥65 | 4,763 [28] | 165 [26] | |
| Femalea | 4,164 [25] | 164 [26] | 0.7 |
| Race | 0.3 | ||
| White | 9,094 [54] | 366 [59] | |
| Black | 3,379 [20] | 108 [17] | |
| Hispanic | 876 [5] | 10 [2] | |
| Others/missing | 3,350 [20] | 140 [22] | |
| LVAD in previous hospitalization | 10,498 [63] | 375 [60] | 0.6 |
| Waiting for heart transplant | 1,763 [11] | 55 [9] | 0.6 |
| Charlson Comorbidity Indexb | |||
| 0–1 | 3,721 [22] | 9 [1] | |
| 2 | 5,464 [33] | 111 [18] | |
| 3 | 4,538 [27] | 207 [33] | |
| 4+ | 2,976 [18] | 297 [48] | <0.0001 |
| Abnormal coagulation profile | 2,228 [13] | 107 [17] | 0.3 |
| HTN | 7,746 [46] | 237 [38] | 0.1 |
| AF | 4,918 [29] | 168 [27] | 0.5 |
| Valvular disease | 3,003 [18] | 110 [18] | >0.99 |
| PVD | 1,022 [6] | 48 [8] | 0.5 |
| Chronic lung disease | 6,069 [36] | 153 [25] | 0.01 |
| DM | 5,344 [32] | 184 [29] | 0.6 |
| Liver disease | 1,316 [8] | 68 [11] | 0.2 |
| Renal disease | 5,709 [34] | 167 [27] | 0.1 |
| Year | 0.7 | ||
| 2007 | 914 [6] | 32 [5] | |
| 2008 | 1,871 [11] | 68 [11] | |
| 2009 | 3,646 [22] | 169 [27] | |
| 2010 | 4,911 [29] | 170 [27] | |
| 2011 | 5,356 [32] | 184 [29] |
a, 4 observations with missing values for sex; b, can range from 0 to 17. LVAD, left ventricular assist device; IS, ischemic stroke; HTN, hypertension; AF, atrial fibrillation; PVD, peripheral vascular disease; DM, diabetes mellitus.