PDS is limiting in carotenogenesis during tomato fruit ripening. (a) Carotenoid biosynthetic pathway with enzymes abbreviated in bold: PSY1, 2 and 3; phytoene synthase 1, 2 and 3; PDS, phytoene desaturase; ZISO, ζ‐carotene isomerase; ZDS, ζ‐carotene desaturase; CRTISO, carotene isomerase; CRTL‐E (LCY‐E), lycopene ε‐cyclase; CRTL‐B1 and 2 (LCY‐B and BCYC, respectively), lycopene β‐cyclase; CYP97A3, carotene ε‐hydroxylase; CRTR‐B1 and 2, carotene β‐hydroxylase 1 and 2; ABA is abscisic acid. (b) Transcript levels of PDS,ZDS and CRTISO relative to a reference sample (combination of equal amounts of RNA from each tissue analysed) (n = 3, in triplicate; error bars, ±SEM). Abbreviated tissues represent different stages of fruit ripening, mature green fruit, MG; breaker or onset of ripening, Br; and 3 and 7 days post breaker, 3DPB and 7DPB, respectively.