Table 1.
Dysregulated lncRNAs in Neurodegenerative Diseases
| lncRNAs | Description | Associated Disease | Culprit or Bodyguard | Biological Function |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BACE1-AS | transcribe from the antisense protein-coding BACE 1 gene | AD | culprit | bind to BACE1 and increase the stability of its mRNA, thereby promoting the synthesis of BACE1 protein, and further increase the production of Aβ of cells |
| BC200 | homologous with rodent BC1 lncRNA; the earliest specific example showed lncRNAs conservation | AD | culprit | induce APP mRNA translation via association with FMRP and then aggregate the accumulation of Aβ in the brain |
| 17A | embedded in the human G-protein-coupled receptor 51 gene | AD | culprit | impair GABAB signaling pathway by decreasing GABAB R2 transcription |
| NAT-Rad18 | transcribed from the antisense of protein coding gene Rad18 | AD | culprit | down the expression of DNA repair protein Rad18 and enhance susceptibility to neuronal apoptosis |
| 51A | an antisense transcript of intron 1 of the SORL1 gene | AD | culprit | altering the spliced form of SORL1 mRNA and resulting in Aβ42 accumulation |
| GDNFOS | transcribed from the opposite strand of GDNF gene | AD | culprit | negatively regulate the expression of GDNF |
| HttAS_v1 | antisense transcript of the Htt gene | HD | bodyguard | reduce endogenous HTT transcript levels |
| BDNFOS | antisense transcription product of BDNF | HD | bodyguard | upregulates the transcription of BDNF and have a protective effect on neurons |
| NEAT1 | a nuclear-enriched ncRNA essential for the formation and maintenance of paraspeckles | HD | bodyguard | essential for the integrity of the nuclear paraspeckle substructure; increase viability under oxidative stress |
| HAR1F and HAR1R | antisense transcripts of the first HAR1 gene | HD | bodyguard | involved in neurotransmission, memory structure, and synaptic plasticity in the mature brain |
| DGCR5 | a transcript of DiGeorge critical region 5 | HD | bodyguard | include a genome binding site for REST and play an important transcriptional regulatory role in HD |
| MEG3 | the human homolog of the mouse maternally expressed gene Gtl2, the first imprinted gene identified on the mouse distal chromosome 12 | HD | culprit | alter gene expression in response to neuronal activity |
| ABHD11-AS1 | homologous with rodent Abhd11os lncRNA | HD | bodyguard | attenuate the toxicity of Htt mRNA |
| NaPINK1 | transcribed from the antisense of PINK1 locus | PD | bodyguard | stabilize PINK1 expression |
| AS Uchl1 | antisense transcript of Uchl1 | PD | bodyguard | regulate the expression of UCHL1 at the post-transcriptional level, thus promoting the translation process and increasing protein synthesis |
| HOTAIR | antisense intergenic RNA transcribed from the HOXC locus | PD | culprit | increase the stability of LRRK2 mRNA and upregulated its expression, thus inducing DA neuronal apoptosis |
| MALAT1 | also known as NEAT2 and is a highly conserved ncRNA highly expressed in neurons | PD | culprit | upregulate a-synuclein expression, thus driving the pathogenesis of PD |