Fig. 10.

Lipid fermentation performance of lignin with batch or fed-batch fermentation using engineered R. opacus PD630_FA in 2.0-l fermenter. a cell dry weight and lipid concentration. b lipid content and yield. c lignin concentration and weight loss. Fermentation conditions: pH 7.0, 60% pO₂, 30 °C, and 200 rpm. Nos. 1–6 represents the fermentation strategies, as shown in Table 3