TABLE 1.
Characteristics of the Study Population Overall and by HPV Tumor Status at Diagnosis
| Overall (n = 860) | HPV-Negative (n = 695)a | HPV-Positive (n = 164)a | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, median (interquartile range), y | 58 (51-68) | 58 (51-69) | 57.5 (50-64) | .19 |
| Sex | ||||
| Men | 549 (63.8%) | 63.0% | 67.1% | .33 |
| Women | 311 (36.2%) | 37.0% | 32.9% | |
| Race and ethnicity | ||||
| White non-Hispanic | 315 (36.6%) | 32.7% | 53.7% | |
| Black non-Hispanic | 276 (32.1%) | 33.8% | 25.0% | <.001 |
| Asian non-Hispanic | 170 (19.8%) | 21.3% | 12.8% | |
| Any race, Hispanic | 99 (11.5%) | 12.2% | 8.5% | |
| Ever tobacco use | ||||
| No | 159 (18.5%) | 16.5% | 26.8% | |
| Yes | 502 (58.4%) | 58.8% | 56.1% | .004 |
| Unknown | 199 (23.1%) | 24.6% | 17.1% | |
| Current tobacco use | ||||
| Nob | 406 (47.2%) | 44.0% | 60.4% | |
| Yes | 244 (28.4%) | 30.1% | 21.3% | .001 |
| Unknown | 210 (24.4%) | 25.9% | 18.3% | |
| Alcohol use ever | ||||
| No | 199 (23.1%) | 21.4% | 29.9% | |
| Yes | 440 (51.2%) | 51.7% | 49.4% | .05 |
| Unknown | 221 (25.7%) | 26.9% | 20.7% | |
| Current alcohol use | ||||
| No | 324 (37.7%) | 37.3% | 39.0% | |
| Yes | 311 (36.2%) | 35.4% | 39.6% | .27 |
| Unknown | 225 (26.2%) | 27.3% | 21.3% | |
| Tumor stage | ||||
| T1 | 217 (25.2%) | 23.6% | 32.3% | |
| T2 | 220 (25.6%) | 23.2% | 36.0% | |
| T3 | 154 (17.9%) | 19.4% | 11.6% | <.001 |
| T4 | 222 (25.8%) | 27.8% | 17.1% | |
| Indeterminate/unknown | 47 (5.5%) | 6.0% | 3.0% | |
| Nodal stage | ||||
| N0 | 331 (38.5%) | 44.3% | 14.0% | |
| N1, N2a, N2b | 342 (39.8%) | 33.8% | 64.6% | <.001 |
| N2c, N3 | 131 (15.2%) | 14.8% | 17.1% | |
| Indeterminate/unknown | 56 (6.5%) | 7.1% | 4.3% | |
| Anatomic site | ||||
| Oropharynx | 239 (27.8%) | 15.1% | 81.7% | |
| Oral cavity | 253 (29.4%) | 35.7% | 3.0% | <.001 |
| Nasopharynx | 125 (14.5%) | 16.0% | 7.9% | |
| Larynx | 243 (28.3%) | 33.2% | 7.3% | |
| Study site | ||||
| Johns Hopkins Hospital | 434 (50.5%) | 49.1% | 56.1% | .11 |
| University of California San Francisco | 426 (49.5%) | 50.9% | 43.9% | |
| Vital status | ||||
| Death due to any cause | 444 (51.6%) | 56.4% | 31.1% | <.001 |
| Death due to HNSCCc | 185 (25.0%) | 27.8% | 13.0% | <.001 |
| Second primary | ||||
| No | 681 (79.2%) | 79.1% | 79.3% | |
| Yes | 49 (5.7%) | 5.8% | 5.5% | .99 |
| Unknown | 130 (15.1%) | 15.1% | 15.2% | |
| Recurrence | ||||
| No | 536 (62.3%) | 60.0% | 72.6% | |
| Persistent disease | 70 (8.1%) | 8.8% | 5.5% | |
| No treatment | 31 (3.6%) | 3.7% | 3.0% | .02 |
| Yes | 159 (18.5%) | 20.1% | 11.0% | |
| Unknown | 64 (7.4%) | 7.3% | 7.9% |
Abbreviations: HNSCC, head and neck squamous cell cancer; HPV, human papillomavirus.
a
Any high-risk HPV infection as determined by the in situ hybridization test detailed in the Materials and Methods section. Note that 1 participant did not have HPV ISH results and was therefore excluded from the stratified columns of this table.
b
This includes former and never smokers.
c
One hundred nineteen patients with an unknown cause of death were excluded.