Figure 4:

Comparison of hair hormone concentrations by age and reproductive class in 83 female brown bears. Females < 3 years old were classified as immature whereas females ≥3 years old, which included solitary females (N = 33) and all females with offspring (N = 25), were classified as adult. The box-and-whisker plots provide: (i) the median represented by a thick horizontal line; (ii) the interquartile range represented by the box; (iii) the minimum and maximum values, excluding outliers, represented by the lower and upper whiskers; and (iv) outliers being less than or greater than 1.5 times the lower and upper quartiles, represented by the open circles. The solid triangles represent the mean concentrations.