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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jan 29.
Published in final edited form as: J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2005 Mar;3(2):158–194.

SYSTEMIC THERAPY AGENTS AND REGIMENS WITH ACTIVITY IN SOFT TISSUE SARCOMAa, b

Extremity, Retroperitoneal, Intra-abdominal Angiosarcoma Desmoid Tumors (Fibromatosis) GIST
Combination regimens
• AD (doxorubicin. dacarbazine)1,2
• AIM (doxorubicin. ifosfamide, mesna)3,4
• MAID (mesna, doxorubicin, ifosfamide, dacarbazine)5
• Ifosfamide, epirubicin, mesna6
• Gemcitabine and docetaxel7.8
• Gemcitabine and vinorelbine9
Single agents
• Doxorubicin10
• Ifosfamide6,11
• Epirubicin
• Gemcitabine
• Dacarbazine
• Liposomal doxorubicin12
• Temozolomide13
• Paclitaxel14,15
• Docetaxel
• Vinorelbine
• Sorafenib16,17
• Sunitinib18
• Bevacizumab19
• All other systemic therapy options as per extremity sarcoma
• Sulindac20 or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory druas (NSAIDs) including celecoxibc
• Tamoxifen21
• Toremifene22
• Methotrexate and vinblastine23
• Low-dose interferon24
• Doxorubicin-based regimens25,26
• Imatinib mesylate27
• Imatinib28,29
• Sunitinib30
• Sorafenib31
• Nilotinib32,33
• Dasatanib34

Solitary Fibrous Tumor/Hemangiopericytoma
• Bevacizumab and temozolomide35
• Sunitinib36,37
Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis/Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor (PVNS/TGCT)
• Imatinib38

Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma (ASPS)
• Sunitinib39,40 (category 2B)
PEComa, Recurrent Angiomyolipoma, Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
• Sirolimus4145

Chordoma (All recommendations are category 2B)
Combination regimens
• Erlotinib and cetuximab
• Imatinib and cisplatin46
• Imatinib and sirolimus47
Single agents
• Erlotinib48
• Imatinib49,50
• Sunitinib37
a

Alveolar soft part sarcoma and clear cell sarcomas are generally not sensitive to chemotherapy.

b

References for regimens, see pages 652 and 653.

c

The risk for cardiovascular events may be increased in patients receiving celecoxib. Physicians prescribing celecoxib should consider this emerging information when weighing the benefits against risks for individual patients (FDA Talk Paper T04-61, Dec 23, 2004).

1

Zalupski M, Metch B, Balcerzak S, et al. Phase III comparison of doxorubicin and dacarbazine given by bolus versus infusion in patients with soft-tissue sarcomas: a Southwest Oncology Group study. J Natl Cancer Inst 1991;83:926-932.

2

Antman K, Crowley J, Balcerzak SP, et al. An intergroup phase Ill randomized study of doxorubicin and dacarbazine with or without ifosfamide and mesna in advanced soft tissue and bone sarcomas. J Clin Oncol 1993;11:1276-1285.

3

Grobmyer SR, Maki RG, Demetri GD, et al. Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy for primary high-grade extremity soft tissue sarcoma. Ann Oncol 2004;15:1667-1672.

4

Edmonson J, Ryan L, Blum R, et al. Randomized comparison of doxorubicin alone versus ifosfamide plus doxorubicin or mitomycin, doxorubicin, and cisplatin against advanced soft tissue sarcomas. J Clin Oncol 1993;11:1269-1275.

5

Elias A, Ryan L, Sulkes A, et al. Response to mesna, doxorubicin, ifosfamide, and dacarbazine in 108 patients with metastatic or unresectable sarcoma and no prior chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 1989;7:1208-1216.

6

Frustaci S, Gherlinzoni F, De Paoli A, et al. Adjuvant chemotherapy for soft tissue sarcomas of the extremities and girdles: results of the Italian Randomized Cooperative Trial. J Clin Oncol 2001;19:1238-1247.

7

Hensley ML, Maki R, Venkatraman E, et al. Gemcitabine and docetaxel in patients with unresectable leiomyosarcoma: results of a phase II trial. J Clin Oncol 2002;20:2824-2831.

8

Leu KM, Ostruszka U, Schewach D, et al. Laboratory and clinical evidence of synergistic cytotoxicity of sequential treatment with gemcitabine followed by docetaxel in the treatment of sarcoma. J Clin Oncol 2004;22:1706-1712.

9

Dileo P, Morgan JA, Zahrieh D, et al. Gemcitabine and vinorelbine combination chemotherapy for patients with advanced soft tissue sarcomas: results of a phase II trial. Cancer 2007;109:1863-1869.

10

Tierney JF. Adjuvant chemotherapy for localized resectable soft-tissue sarcoma of adults: meta-analysis of individual data. Lancet 1997;350:1647-1654.

11

Antman KH, Elias A. Dana-Farber Cancer Institute studies in advanced sarcoma. Semin Oncol 1990;1(Suppl 2):7-15.

12

Judson I, Radford J, Harris M, et al. Randomized phase II trial of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin versus doxorubicin in the treatment of advanced or metastatic soft tissue sarcoma: a study by the EORTC Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma Group. Eur J Cancer 2001;37:870-877.

13

Talbot SM, Keohan ML, Hesdorffer M, et al. A phase II trial of temozolomide in patients with unresectable or metastatic soft tissue sarcoma. Cancer 2003;98:1942-1946.

14

Penel N, Bui BN, Bay JO, et al. Phase II trial of weekly paclitaxel for unresectable angiosarcoma: the ANGIOTAX study. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:5269-5274.

15

Schlemmer M, Reichardt P, Verweij J, et al. Paclitaxel in patients with advanced angiosarcomas of soft tissue: a retrospective study of the EORTC soft tissue and bone sarcoma group. Eur J Cancer 2008;44:2433-2436.

16

Maki RG, Keohan ML, Undevia SD, et al. Updated results of a phase II study of oral multi-kinase inhibitor sorafenib in sarcomas, CTEP study #7060 [abstract]. J Clin Oncol 2008;26(Suppl 1):Abstract 10531.

17

Maki RG, D'Adamo DR, Keohan ML, et al. Phase II study of sorafenib in patients with metastatic or recurrent sarcomas. J Clin Oncol 2009;27:3133-3140.

18

Keohan ML, Morgan JA, D'Adamo DR, et al. Continuous daily dosing (CDD) of sunitinib (SU) in patients with metastatic soft tissue sarcomas (STS) other than GIST: results of a phase II trial [abstract]. J Clin Oncol 2008;26(Suppl 1):Abstract 10533.

19

Agulnik M, Okuno SH, Von Mehren M, et al. An open-label multicenter phase II study of bevacizumab for the treatment of angiosarcoma [abstract]. J Clin Oncol 2009;27(Suppl 1):Abstract 10522.

20

Hansmann A, Adolph C, Vogel T, et al. High-dose tamoxifen and sulindac as first-line treatment for desmoid tumors. Cancer 2004;100:612-620.

21

Chao AS, Lai CH, Hsueh S, et al. Successful treatment of recurrent pelvic desmoid tumor with tamoxifen: case report. Hum Reprod 2000;15:311-313.

22

Benson JR, Mokbel MK, Baum M. Management of desmoid tumours including a case report of toremifene. Ann Oncol 1994;5:173-177.

23

Azzarelli A, Gronchi A, Bertulli R, et al. Low-dose chemotherapy with methotrexate and vinblastine for patients with advanced aggressive fibromatosis. Cancer 2001;92:1259-1264.

24

Leithner A, Schnack B, Katterschafka T, et al. Treatment of extra-abdominal desmoid tumors with interferon-alpha with or without tretinoin. J Surg Oncol 2000;73:21-25.

25

Seiter K, Kemeny N. Successful treatment of a desmoid tumor with doxorubicin. Cancer 1993;71:2242-2244.

26

Patel SR, Evans HL, Benjamin RS. Combination chemotherapy in adult desmoid tumors. Cancer 1993;72:3244-3247.

27

Chugh R, Maki RG, Thomas DG, et al. A SARC phase II multicenter trial of imatinib mesylate (IM) in patients with aggressive fibromatosis [abstract]. J Clin Oncol 2006;24(Suppl 1):Abstract 9515.

28

Demetri GD, von Mehren M, Blanke CD, et al. Efficacy and safety of imatinib mesylate in advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors. N EngI J Med 2002;347:472-480.

29

Verweij J, Casali PG, Zalcberg J, et al. Progression-free survival in gastrointestinal stromal tumours with high-dose imatinib: randomized trial. Lancet 2004;364:1127-1134.

30

Demetri GD, van Oosterom AT, Garrett CR, et al. Efficacy and safety of sunitinib in patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumor after failure of imatinib: a randomized controlled trial. Lancet 2006;368:1329-1338.

31

Wiebe L, Kasza KE, Maki RG, et al. Activity of sorafenib (SOR) in patients (pts) with imatinib (IM) and sunitinib (SU)-resistant (RES) gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST): a phase II trial of the University of Chicago Phase II Consortium [abstract]. J Clin Oncol 2008;26(Suppl 1):Abstract 10502.

32

Blay JY, Casali PG, Reichardt P, et al. A phase I study of nilotinib alone and in combination with imatinib in patients with imatinib-resistant gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST): study update [abstract]. J Clin Oncol 2008;26(Suppl 1):Abstract 10553.

33

Montemurro M, Schoffski P, Reichardt P, et al. Nilotinib in advanced GIST: a retrospective analysis of nilotinib in compassionate use [abstract]. J Clin Oncol 2008;26(Suppl 1):Abstract 10523.

34

Demetri G, Lo Russo P, MacPherson RJ, et al. Phase I dose-escalation and pharmacokinetic study of dasatinib in patients with advanced solid tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2009;15:6232-6240.

35

Park MS, Patel SR, Ludwig JA, et al. Combination therapy with temozolomide and bevacizumab in the treatment of hemangiopericytoma/malignant solitary fibrous tumor [abstract]. J Clin Oncol 2008;26(Suppl 1):Abstract 10512.

36

Casali PG, Stacchiotti S, Palassini E, et al. Evaluation of the antitumor activity of sunitinib malate (SM) in solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) [abstract]. J Clin Oncol 2009;27(Suppl 1):Abstract 10571.

37

George S, Merriam P, Maki RG, et al. Multicenter phase II trial of sunitinib in the treatment of nongastrointestinal stromal tumor sarcomas. J Clin Oncol 2009;27:3154-3160.

38

Blay JY, El Sayadi H, Thiesse P, et al. Complete response to imatinib in relapsing pigmented villonodular synovitis/tenosynovial giant cell tumor (PVNS/TGCT). Ann Oncol 2008;19:821-822.

39

Stacchiotti S, Tamborini E, Bertulli R, et al. Response to sunitinib malate (SM) in alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) [abstract]. J Clin Oncol 2008;26(Suppl 1):Abstract 10592.

40

Stacchiotti S, Tamborini E, Marrari A, et al. Response to sunitinib malate in advanced alveolar soft part sarcoma. Clin Cancer Res 2009;15:1096-1104.

41

Bissler JJ, McCormack FX, Young LR, et al. Sirolimus for angiomyolipoma in tuberous sclerosis complex or lymphangioleiomyomatosis. N Engl J Med 2008;358:140-151.

42

Chen F, Omasa M, Kondo N, et al. Sirolimus treatment for recurrent lymphangioleiomyomatosis after lung transplantation. Ann Thorac Surg 2009;87:6-7.

43

Davies DM, Johnson SR, Tattersfield AE, et al. Sirolimus therapy in tuberous sclerosis or sporadic lymphangioleiomyomatosis. N Engl J Med 2008;358:200-203.

44

Wagner AJ, Malinowska-Kolodziej I, Morgan JA, et al. Clinical activity of mTOR inhibition with sirolimus in malignant perivascular epithelioid cell tumors: targeting the pathogenic activation of mTORC1 in tumors. J Clin Oncol 2010;28:835-840.

45

Taille C, Debray MP, Crestani B. Sirolimus treatment for pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis. Ann Intern Med 2007;146:687-688.

46

Casali PG, Stacchiotti S, Grosso F, et al. Adding cisplatin (CDDP) to imatinib (IM) re-establishes tumor response following secondary resistance to IM in advanced chordoma [abstract]. J Clin Oncol 2007;25(Suppl 1):Abstract 10038.

47

Stacchiotti S, Marrari A, Tamborini E, et al. Response to imatinib plus sirolimus in advanced chordoma. Ann Oncol 2009;20:1886-1894.

48

Singhal N, Kotasek D, Parnis FX. Response to erlotinib in a patient with treatment refractory chordoma. Anticancer Drugs 2009;20:953-955.

49

Geoerger B, Morland B, Ndiaye A, et al. Target-driven exploratory study of imatinib mesylate in children with solid malignancies by the Innovative Therapies for Children with Cancer (ITCC) European Consortium. Eur J Cancer 2009;45:2342-2351.

50

Casali PG, Messina A, Stacchiotti S, et al. Imatinib mesylate in chordoma. Cancer 2004;101:2086-2097.