Table 3.

Association between dietary nitrate and nitrite and red meat and pancreatic cancer among participants in the Iowa Women’s Health Study (N=34,242^a).

	Cases	N	HRb (95% CI)
Dietary nitrate (mg NO3-N/day)
All sources
<16.2	78	8,558	1.00 (Ref.)
16.2-23.9	80	8,552	1.08 (0.78, 1.48)
24.0-34.2	73	8,568	0.99 (0.70, 1.39)
34.3-58.5	60	6,849	1.05 (0.72, 1.52)
>58.5	17	1,715	1.25 (0.71, 2.21)
ptrend			0.55
Continuousc	308		1.02 (0.92, 1.14)
Dietary nitrite (mg/day)
All sources
<0.86	88	8,501	1.00 (Ref.)
0.86-1.11	67	8,505	0.85 (0.59, 1.22)
0.12-1.43	70	8,753	0.94 (0.62, 1.42)
1.44-2.05	68	6,761	1.30 (0.79, 2.14)
>2.05	15	1,722	1.28 (0.59, 2.76)
ptrend			0.18
Continuousc	308		1.10 (0.94, 1.29)
Plant sources
<0.51	94	8,731	1.00 (Ref.)
0.51-0.67	62	8,355	0.68 (0.48, 0.96)
0.68-0.90	83	8,615	0.89 (0.62, 1.28)
0.91-1.39	59	6,823	0.80 (0.52, 1.24)
>1.39	10	1,718	0.55 (0.25, 1.17)
ptrend			0.29
Continuousc	308		0.94 (0.83, 1.08)
Animal sourcesd
<0.29	80	8,765	1.00 (Ref.)
0.29-0.40	71	8,021	1.06 (0.75, 1.50)
0.41-0.56	77	9,023	1.08 (0.74, 1.57)
0.57-0.84	62	6,697	1.27 (0.81, 1.99)
>0.84	18	1,736	1.65 (0.84, 3.22)
ptrend			0.13
Continuousc	308		1.09 (0.96, 1.25)
Processed meatsd
<0.01	78	8,803	1.00 (Ref.)
0.01-0.03	75	8,644	0.98 (0.72, 1.35)
0.04-0.06	72	8,130	1.02 (0.73, 1.41)
0.07-0.18	61	6,937	1.06 (0.74, 1.51)
>0.18	22	1,728	1.66 (1.00, 2.75)
ptrend			0.05
Continuousc	308		1.06 (0.96, 1.18)
Red Meat (g/day)d
<45.47	84	8581	1.00 (Ref.)
45.47-79.10	62	8536	0.75 (0.53, 1.05)
79.11-120.17	84	8559	1.03 (0.73, 1.47)
120.18-198.56	64	6947	1.00 (0.65, 1.50)
>198.57	14	1712	1.00 (0.47, 1.85)
ptrend			0.72
Continuous	308		1.00 (1.00, 1.00)

^aAfter excluding 466 participants with missing smoking data.

^bAdjusted for age, smoking category, calories, and mutually adjusted for either natural log-transformed nitrate or nitrite.

^cHR per 1 natural log increase in intake.

^dAdditionally adjusted for natural log-transformed saturated fat.