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. 2017 Nov 27;12(10):825–832. doi: 10.1080/15592294.2017.1370172

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Differential DNA methylation analysis in sibling pairs discordant for intrauterine exposure to maternal GDM. (A) Volcano plot for the differential DNA methylation analysis of the 465,446 CpG sites. The effect size of GDM exposure on DNA methylation levels at each of the CpG sites is shown in x axis and the significance levels are shown in y axis. Coefficients > 0 refer to increased methylation in the GDM group compared with the non-GDM group. (B) Heatmap of adjusted β values for the top 100 differentially methylated CpG sites associated with intrauterine exposure to maternal GDM. The 36 samples (column-wise) and 100 CpG sites (row-wise) associated with intrauterine exposure to GDM were displayed using unsupervised hierarchical clustering. The upper panel and the lower panel represent sibling pairs and group information (black: GDM group; gray: non-GDM group), respectively. Blue to red gradient correspond to increasing methylation. Manhattan distance measures were used to compute inter-sample distances based on DNA methylation levels. S1-S18 denotes sibling IDs and G and N represent the GDM group and the non-GDM group, respectively.