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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jan 29.
Published in final edited form as: Hellenic J Cardiol. 2011 Sep-Oct;52(5):416–426.

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Pressure-flow relation with large early- and huge mid- and late-systolic pressure gradients in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. From top downward: aortic velocity, and deep left ventricular (LV), LV outflow tract (LVOT), and aortic root (AO) micromanometric signals, by retrograde triple-tip pressure-plus-velocity left-heart catheter. The left atrial (LA) micromanometric signal was measured simultaneously by transseptal catheter. The vertical line identifies onset of SAM-septal contact, from a simultaneous M-mode mitral echocardiogram (not shown); most of the ejection is already completed by then, in this patient. The huge mid- and late-systolic gradient (hatched area) is maintained despite minuscule remaining forward or even negative aortic velocities. Inset: continuous lines designate the LV, LVOT, and AO signals, superposed on interrupted-line tracings from the other sites. AO – aortic; SAM – systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve. Reproduced with permission of PMPH-USA from Pasipoularides A. Heart’s vortex: intracardiac blood flow phenomena. Shelton, CT: People’s Medical Publishing House, 2010.