Figure 3. The effects of PM_2.5-induced inflammatory cytokines from 16HBE cells on BMSCs differentiation.

mRNA levels of (A) IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, (B) TNFβ, iNOS and COX-2 in 16HBE cells. (C–E) IL-1β, IL-6 and COX-2 secretions in cell culture supernatants of 16HBE cells. Then, conditioned medium from 100 μg/mL PM_2.5-treated 16HBE cells was incubated with neutralization antibody against IL-1β (5 μg/mL), IL-6 (10 μg/mL), or COX-2 (2 μg/mL) at 37°C for 30 minutes before adding to the BMSCs. Gene expressions of (F) CD31, vWF, (G) a-SMA and Fap after 10 days of exposure were evaluated. Data represented were mean ± SD of three identical experiments. ^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01, compared with control.