Figure 5. The differentiation of BMSCs provoked by inflammatory cytokines is mediated by PM_2.5-induced ROS generation.

(A–C) After 16HBE cells were treated with PM_2.5 for 48 hours with or without the pre-treatment of DPI (3 μΜ) or NAC (1 mM) for 6 hours, ELISA was performed to investigate inflammatory cytokines secretions. (D) Expressions of inflammatory cytokines were also measured in 16HBE cells. The expressions of (E) CD31, vWF, (F) a-SMA and Fap in BMSCs were observed when secretions from 16HBE cells pre-treated with DPI or NAC were used. (G) The localization of a-SMA in BMSCs (60× magnification), scale bars = 50 μm. Error bars indicated the means ± SD of triplicate determinations. ^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01, compared to PM_2.5-treated cells.