Table 2. Cox model measured hazard ratios and 95% confidence interval of Parkinson's disease associated with tension-type headache and covariates.
| Characteristics | Event no. | IR | HR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariate | Multivariate† | |||
| Tension-type headache | ||||
| No | 708 | 1.68 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 320 | 3.01 | 1.79 (1.57-2.04)*** | 1.37 (1.19-1.57)*** |
| Sex | ||||
| Women | 653 | 1.83 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Men | 375 | 2.22 | 1.22 (1.07-1.38)** | 1.05 (0.92-1.19) |
| Age, years | ||||
| 20-44 | 54 | 0.23 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 45-64 | 304 | 1.43 | 6.19 (4.63-8.27)*** | 4.66 (3.46-6.26)*** |
| ≥ 65 | 670 | 8.17 | 35.8 (27.1-47.2)*** | 20.4 (15.2-27.5)*** |
| Comorbidity | ||||
| Diabetes | ||||
| No | 795 | 1.64 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 233 | 5.50 | 3.37 (2.91-3.90)*** | 1.27 (1.09-1.48)** |
| Hyperlipidemia | ||||
| No | 625 | 1.44 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 403 | 4.34 | 3.02 (2.66-3.42)*** | 1.14 (0.99-1.30) |
| Hypertension | ||||
| No | 345 | 0.88 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 683 | 5.08 | 5.81 (5.11-6.61)*** | 1.55 (1.32-1.80)*** |
| IHD | ||||
| No | 579 | 1.28 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 449 | 6.11 | 4.81 (4.25-5.44)*** | 1.32 (1.15-1.52)*** |
| Dementia | ||||
| No | 981 | 1.87 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 47 | 18.5 | 10.2 (7.59-13.6)*** | 2.25 (1.66-3.04)*** |
| Depression | ||||
| No | 878 | 1.75 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 150 | 6.35 | 3.66 (3.07-4.35)*** | 2.19 (1.82-2.63)*** |
| Migraine | ||||
| No | 952 | 1.88 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 76 | 4.02 | 2.15 (1.71-2.72)*** | 1.46 (1.14-1.86)** |
| Stroke | ||||
| No | 956 | 1.85 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 72 | 8.10 | 4.46 (3.51-5.67)*** | 1.07 (0.83-1.37) |
| CKD | ||||
| No | 990 | 1.90 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 38 | 8.03 | 4.30 (3.11-5.95)*** | 1.36 (0.98-1.89) |
| Head injury | ||||
| No | 949 | 1.89 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 79 | 3.39 | 1.80 (1.43-2.27)*** | 1.20 (0.95-1.51) |
IR, incidence density rates, per 1000 person-years; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; IHD, ischemic heart disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease.
† Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model including tension-type headache, sex, age, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, IHD, dementia, depression, migraine, stroke, CKD, and head injury.
** P<.01, *** P<.001.