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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Mar 20.
Published in final edited form as: J Antibiot (Tokyo). 2017 Sep 20;71(2):279–286. doi: 10.1038/ja.2017.108

Figure 1. Evolution in a Bioreactor.

Figure 1

This illustration represents the workflow of an evolution experiment in a bioreactor. The culture in the vessel is maintained at exponential growth phase with fresh media and appropriate concentration of antibiotic being fed into it. The flow of media is regulated by peristaltic pumps that are programmed to be controlled by the carbon dioxide output from the vessel, which is used as a proxy for turbidity of the culture. With an increase in drug concentration, the rapidly dividing bacteria acquire mutations and form a polymorphic population of resistant bacteria.