Table 1.
Descriptive Statistics for Parental Behaviors and Beliefs. Mean, (Standard Deviation), n
| Group | Family Obligation Expectations | Parental Monitoring | Psych. Control | Behavioral Control | Parental Warmth | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mother | Father | Mother | Father | Child | Mother | Father | Mother | Father | |
| China-Shanghai | 3.691 (0.512) n=100 |
3.614 (0.554) n=98 |
1.481 (0.634) n=100 |
1.37 (0.667) n=97 |
1.426 (0.609) n=101 |
2.461 (0.345) n=99 |
2.584 (0.335) n=97 |
3.219 (0.511) n=100 |
3.19 (0.461) n=96 |
| Colombia-Medellín | 4.283 (0.361) n=100 |
4.349 (0.434) n=95 |
2.582 (0.448) n=100 |
2.297 (0.546) n=95 |
1.938 (0.637) n=100 |
3.372 (0.434) n=100 |
3.215 (0.494) n=95 |
3.851 (0.324) n=100 |
3.78 (0.346) n=95 |
| Italy-Naples | 4.039 (0.484) n=95 |
3.977 (0.499) n=83 |
2.499 (0.472) n=95 |
2.098 (0.545) n=83 |
2.046 (0.685) n=95 |
3.357 (0.445) n=95 |
3.084 (0.523) n=83 |
3.793 (0.234) n=95 |
3.661 (0.356) n=83 |
| Italy-Rome | 3.885 (0.411) n=99 |
3.707 (0.435) n=69 |
2.539 (0.36) n=99 |
1.928 (0.615) n=69 |
2.034 (0.618) n=99 |
3.129 (0.469) n=99 |
2.832 (0.505) n=69 |
3.61 (0.413) n=99 |
3.366 (0.512) n=69 |
| Jordan-Zarqa | 4.23 (0.4) n=112 |
4.185 (0.457) n=109 |
2.566 (0.346) n=112 |
2.19 (0.619) n=109 |
2.365 (0.694) n=112 |
2.786 (0.469) n=112 |
2.664 (0.523) n=109 |
3.591 (0.396) n=112 |
3.474 (0.487) n=109 |
| Kenya-Kisumu | 3.66 (0.559) n=95 |
3.687 (0.542) n=94 |
2.181 (0.476) n=95 |
2.104 (0.647) n=94 |
2.607 (0.739) n=95 |
2.829 (0.555) n=95 |
2.863 (0.53) n=94 |
3.203 (0.581) n=95 |
3.102 (0.597) n=94 |
| Philippines-Manila | 4.103 (0.51) n=100 |
3.95 (0.5) n=79 |
2.411 (0.518) n=100 |
2.211 (0.503) n=79 |
2.061 (0.638) n=103 |
2.909 (0.497) n=100 |
2.894 (0.51) n=79 |
3.789 (0.317) n=100 |
3.628 (0.441) n=79 |
| Sweden-Trollhättan | 3.258 (0.412) n=95 |
3.292 (0.418) n=72 |
2.319 (0.425) n=95 |
2.203 (0.358) n=72 |
1.534 (0.515) n=98 |
2.418 (0.52) n=95 |
2.308 (0.52) n=72 |
3.862 (0.213) n=95 |
3.714 (0.329) n=72 |
| Thailand-Chiang Mai | 4.008 (0.42) n=100 |
3.984 (0.478) n=81 |
2.136 (0.509) n=100 |
2.101 (0.596) n=82 |
1.911 (0.732) n=101 |
2.723 (0.427) n=100 |
2.737 (0.482) n=82 |
3.479 (0.431) n=100 |
3.322 (0.491) n=82 |
| US-AA-Durham | 3.859 (0.482) n=93 |
3.797 (0.463) n=50 |
2.749 (0.321) n=93 |
2.463 (0.439) n=50 |
1.75 (0.666) n=92 |
3.191 (0.482) n=93 |
3.188 (0.559) n=50 |
3.833 (0.263) n=93 |
3.749 (0.367) n=50 |
| US-EA-Durham | 3.487 (0.458) n=102 |
3.469 (0.456) n=72 |
2.467 (0.337) n=102 |
2.219 (0.488) n=72 |
1.552 (0.538) n=100 |
2.863 (0.485) n=102 |
2.752 (0.518) n=72 |
3.894 (0.164) n=102 |
3.751 (0.313) n=72 |
| US-L-Durham | 4.075 (0.443) n=78 |
4.136 (0.443) n=60 |
2.554 (0.614) n=78 |
2.299 (0.673) n=60 |
1.777 (0.637) n=80 |
3.193 (0.52) n=78 |
2.997 (0.573) n=61 |
3.817 (0.282) n=78 |
3.725 (0.389) n=61 |
Note. AA = African American, EA = European American, L = Latino.