Fig. 5.

Hilum of the liver. a Instructional figure for the graphic artist indicating areas where holes had to be incorporated in the surface models to allow for passage of the portal vein, hepatic artery, and the common bile duct, which had to be through the plane of separation between the right and left hepatic lobes to allow for final assembly. b Equivalent close-up view of the final 3D-printed model showing the hilum with the aforementioned structures incorporated. c Digital design stage where the left and part of the right hepatic lobes are shown from the hilum, showing the holes for the internal structures. d The undersurface of the 3D-printed left hepatic lobe showing the holes. e Final assembled 3D-printed model viewed from the hilum