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. 2018 Jan 29;8:1804. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-20129-2

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Clinical profiles in a PD-PS patient with ipsiversive subjective visual vertical. (a) Measurement of the degree of PS demonstrates trunk flexion to the right by approximately 12°. (b) The result of bithermal caloric test is normal. (c) Tests of subjective visual vertical (SVV) disclose abnormal SVV deviating by 14° to the right, ipsilateral to the leaning side. (d) EMG recording shows hyperactivity of the thoracolumbar paraspinal muscles on the left, contralateral to the leaning side. PSPV: peak slow phase velocity.