Table 2.
Univariable and multivariable analysis of risk factors associated with ipsiversive SVV in PD-PS patients.
| PD-PS with ipsiversive SVV (n=34) | PD-PS without ipsiversive SVV (n=34) | Univariable analysis* | Multivariable analysis† | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | p value | OR | 95% CI | p value | |||
| Age (years) | 66.74 ± 5.4 | 65.95 ± 8.0 | 1.02 | 0.93 to 1.11 | 0.681 | — | — | — |
| Male gender (%) | 20 (58.8) | 13 (65.0) | 0.79 | 0.25 to 2.46 | 0.679 | — | — | — |
| Disease duration (years) | 7.7 ± 3.0 | 8.4 ± 4.1 | 0.94 | 0.80 to 1.11 | 0.462 | — | — | — |
| Hoehn and Yahr stage | 2.2 ± 0.4 | 2.2 ± 0.3 | 1.65 | 0.29 to 9.42 | 0.574 | — | — | — |
| UPDRS-III | 22.7 ± 6.4 | 23.1 ± 4.6 | 0.99 | 0.90 to 1.09 | 0.790 | — | — | — |
| PD motor subtype (PIGD/TD) | 15/19 | 8/12 | 1.17 | 0.38 to 3.58 | 0.785 | — | — | — |
| Degree of PS (°) | 15.4 ± 3.26 | 14.8 ± 2.75 | 1.07 | 0.88 to 1.29 | 0.513 | — | — | — |
| Direction of PS (R/L) | 19/15 | 14/6 | 0.56 | 0.18 to 1.81 | 0.335 | — | — | — |
| Degree of SVV (°) | 6.5 ± 3.4 | 5.1 ± 4.7 | 1.09 | 0.93 to 1.27 | 0.284 | — | — | — |
| Asymmetry of motor symptoms | 5.6 ± 2.8 | 5.3 ± 2.3 | 1.05 | 0.84 to 1.30 | 0.689 | — | — | — |
| PS tilting to the less affected hemibody (%) | 21 (61.8) | 11 (55.0) | 1.32 | 0.43 to 4.02 | 0.630 | — | — | — |
| Dominant side of motor symptoms (R/L) | 22/12 | 10/10 | 1.80 | 0.59 to 5.52 | 0.304 | — | — | — |
| Canal paresis (%) | ||||||||
| Ipsilateral | 4 (11.8) | 4 (20.0) | 0.54 | 0.12 to 2.46 | 0.426 | — | — | — |
| No | 30 (88.2) | 16 (80.0) | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| EMG patterns of paraspinal muscles (%) | ||||||||
| Contralateral hyperactivity | 28 (82.4) | 10 (50.0) | 4.38 | 1.27 to 15.11 | 0.019 | 5.76 | 1.04 to 31.95 | 0.045 |
| Bilateral hyperactivity | 6 (17.6) | 10 (50.0) | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Back pain (%) | 11 (32.3) | 14 (70.0) | 0.22 | 0.07 to 0.72 | 0.012 | 0.21 | 0.05 to 0.95 | 0.043 |
| BBS | 48.1 ± 2.4 | 51.6 ± 2.8 | 0.63 | 0.48 to 0.82 | 0.001 | 0.66 | 0.50 to 0.88 | 0.005 |
| LEDD (mg) | 569.3 ± 197.5 | 635.1 ± 248.8 | 0.99 | 0.99 to 1.00 | 0.310 | — | — | — |
| Treatment regimen (%) | ||||||||
| Levodopa + dopamine agonist | 27 (79.4) | 17 (85.0) | 1.00‡ | — | — | — | — | — |
| Levodopa | 3 (8.8) | 3 (15.0) | 0.64 | 0.09 to 4.50 | 1.000 | — | — | — |
| Dopamine agonist | 4 (11.8) | 0 | 5.72 | 0.13 to 255.53 | 0.607 | — | — | — |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.4 ± 2.7 | 23.7 ± 2.6 | 1.10 | 0.89 to 1.36 | 0.371 | — | — | — |
| MMSE | 27.6 ± 2.0 | 28.6 ± 1.5 | 0.74 | 0.52 to 1.06 | 0.101 | 0.84 | 0.53 to 1.34 | 0.468 |
| Education (years) | 11.4 ± 3.7 | 12 ± 3.5 | 0.95 | 0.82 to 1.11 | 0.546 | — | — | — |
*p values and 95% CI were corrected using Bonferroni’s correction for multiple tests. †Variables with p < 0.2 in univariable analysis were included in multivariable analysis. ‡Reference. BBS: Berg Balance Scale, BMI: body mass index, LEDD: levodopa equivalent daily dose, MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination, PIGD: postural instability and gait disturbance, SVV: subjective visual vertical, TD: tremor dominant, UPDRS-III: Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale motor score.