Table 1.
Summary of autoantibodies in COPD.
| Autoantigen | Method | COPD vs control | Association with disease parameters | Reference | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tissues and cells | Tissue | Rodent tissue | IIF | Increased | ATS/ERS stage and DLCO | (19) |
| Human lung tissue | DIH | Increased | – | (17) | ||
| Human lung tissue | IIH | Increased | Emphysema | (18) | ||
| Epithelial | HEp-2 cells | IIF | Increased | No | (17) | |
| primary PAEpC | IIF | Increased | – | (17) | ||
| HBEC | IIF | Increased | GOLD stages | (22) | ||
| Endothelial | primary PAEdC | IIF | Increased | – | (17) | |
| HUVEC | ELISA | Increased | No | (20) | ||
| HUVEC | ELISA | Increased | – | (21) | ||
| Defined autoantigens | ECM proteins | Elastin | ELISA | Increased | – | (12) |
| PA | Increased | – | (18) | |||
| ELISA | No difference | – | (25) | |||
| ELISA | No difference | – | (23) | |||
| ELISA | No difference | – | (26) | |||
| ELISA | No difference | – | (24) | |||
| ELISA | Decreased | Emphysema and GOLD stage | (27) | |||
| ELISA | Decreased | – | (28) | |||
| Collagen I | PA | Increased | – | (18) | ||
| ELISA | No difference | – | (23) | |||
| ELISA | No difference | – | (12) | |||
| ELISA | Decreased | – | (25) | |||
| Collagen II | PA | Increased | Emphysema | (18) | ||
| ELISA | No difference | – | (25) | |||
| Collagen IV | PA | Increased | – | (18) | ||
| ELISA | No difference | – | (25) | |||
| Aggrecan | PA | Increased | Emphysema | (18) | ||
| Alveolar cellular proteins | Cytokeratin 18 | WB | Increased | FEV1(L) and FEV1 (% predicted) | (29) | |
| ELISA | Increased | GOLD stage | (30) | |||
| ELISA | No difference | – | (25) | |||
| Cytokeratin 19 | ELISA | Increased | GOLD stage | (30) | ||
| Immune molecules | Soluble CD80 | ELISA, WB | Increased | GOLD stage | (38) | |
| αB-crystallin | ELISA | Increased | No association | (37) | ||
| β2-Microglobulin | PA | Increased | – | (18) | ||
| Neo-autoantigen | CCP | ELISA | Increased | No association | (35) | |
| ELISA | No difference | – | (33) | |||
| ELISA | No difference | – | (34) | |||
| ELISA | No difference | – | (28) | |||
| CFFCP | ELISA | Increased | No association | (34) | ||
| MCV | ELISA | No difference | No association | (28) | ||
| CMP | ELISA | Increased | FEV1 (% predicted) and GOLD stages | (21) | ||
| Autoantigens in common autoimmune disease | Nuclear | IIF | Increased | No association | (19) | |
| IIF | Increased | No association | (39) | |||
| IIF | No difference | – | (33) | |||
| IIF | No difference | – | (26) | |||
| Cardiolipin, CENP-B, cytochrome C, DGPs, H1, H2A, H2B, histone, JO-1, La/SS-B, LC1, PL-12, PL-7, Ro52 (SSA), thyroglobulin, topoisomerase, snRNP-68, U1-snRNP-BB, and U1-snRNP-A | PA | Increase | Emphysema | (18) | ||
HEp-2 cells, hepatoma cell; primary PAEpC, primary pulmonary airway epithelial cells; HBEC, human bronchial epithelial cell; primary PAEdC, primary pulmonary artery endothelial cells; HUVEC, human umbilical vein endothelial cell; IIF, indirect immunofluorescence, DIH, direct immunohistochemistry; IIH, indirect immunohistochemistry; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; WB, western blot; PA, protein array; ECM, extracellular matrix proteins; CCP, citrullinated peptides; CFFCP, chimeric citrullinated peptides of human fibrin and filaggrin; MCV, mutated citrullinated vimentin; DGPs, deamidated gliadin peptides; CMP, carbonyl-modified proteins; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ATS/ERS, American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society.