Table 2.

Autoantibodies in animal models of COPD.

Animal models	Disease symptoms	Autoantibodies	Reference
CS-exposed mice	Pulmonary inflammation with macrophages and B cells	Anti-ECM	(41)
ECM-immunized mice	Pulmonary inflammation with macrophages	Anti-ECM	(41)
CS-exposed rat	emphysema	Anti- β2-AR	(42)
β2-AR immunized rat	Emphysema	Anti- β2-AR	(42)
HUVEC-immunized rat	Emphysema	Anti-HUVEC	(44)
IgG transfer-induced rat	Emphysema	Anti-HUVEC	(44)

CS, cigarette smoking; ECM, extracellular matrix, β2-AR, β2-adrenergic receptor; HUVEC, human umbilical vein endothelial cell; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.