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. 2018 Jan 29;8:1776. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-19920-y

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Two step cysteine biosynthesis pathway. The first step of cysteine synthesis is catalyzed by serine acetyltransferase, produced by the gene cysE. Serine acetyltransferase converts serine into O-acetylserine. From this step, O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase, produced by gene cysK, converts the intermediate into cysteine. O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase function can also be provided by the homologous cysM gene. Thus, cysteine production in bacteria requires either cysE and cysK or cysE and cysM. In addition, genes similar to cysE, cysK, and cysM can be found within certain archaeal genomes¹².