Table 2.

List of important batokines in BAT

Batokine	Functions or Effects	Year	Ref.
NGF	Sympathetic innervation	1994	[23]
IL-6	Increased thermogenesis, improved insulin sensitivity	1997	[24]
VEGFA	Increased vascularization of BAT	1999	[25]
BMP8B	Increased thermogenesis, increased sympathetic activation of BAT	2012	[26]
FGF21	Increased thermogenesis, improved insulin sensitivity, WAT “browning,” cardioprotective	2012	[27–29]
L-PGDS	Increased thermogenesis	2012	[30]
IGF-1	Insulin mimicking effects, regulates cell growth and development	2012	[31]
IGFBP-2	Increased bone formation	2013	[32]
Metrnl	Increased IL-4 expression, macrophage activation	2014	[33]
NRG4	Decreased hepatic lipogenic signaling, increased energy expenditure	2014	[34]
sLR11	Decreased thermogenesis	2015	[35]
Endothelin-1	Increased thermogenesis	2016	[36]
Slit2-C	Improved glucose homeostasis, increased energy expenditure	2016	[37]
PM20D1	Improved glucose homeostasis, in-creased energy expenditure	2016	[38]

NGF nerve growth factor, VEGFA vascular endothelial growth factor A, BMP8B Bone morphogenic protein 8b, FGF21 fibroblast growth factor 21, L-PGDS Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase, IGF-1 insulin-like growth factor 1, IGFBP-2 insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2, Metrnl meteorin-like, NRG4 neuregulin 4, sLR11 soluble form of the low-density lipoprotein receptor relative, Slit2-C slit homolog 2 protein, C-fragment, PM20D1 peptidase M20 domain containing 1