Table 2.
Demographic and clinical characteristics at baseline
| Characteristics | Control subjects (n = 58) | MCI-MCI (n = 27) | MCI-AD (n = 28) | AD-AD (n = 28) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, M/F, % | 32/68 | 56/44 | 42/58 | 50/50 | |
| Age at examination, yearsa | 67 (57–77) | 64 (53–78) | 64 (56–71)b | 64 (54–78)c | 0.0016 |
| MMSE scorea | 30 (28–30) | 28 (25–30)d | 27 (23–29)d | 23 (16–27)d | < 0.0001 |
| APOE ε4 status (−/−, +/−, +/+) | 32, 19, 0 | 7, 3, 7 | 5, 8, 11 | 5, 16, 7 | |
| CSF Aβ42, pg/mLa | 970 (499–1674) | 647 (173–1065)d | 494 (283–1060)d | 460 (212–1092)d | < 0.0001 |
| CSF Aβ40, pg/mLa | 17,134 (11,152–40,851) | 12,554 (3553–31,343)c | 15,419 (8021–23,258) | 15,397 (6008–29,090) | 0.0056 |
| CSF t-tau, pg/mLa | 269 (137–1314) | 280 (98–1057) | 533 (163–2325)d | 669 (222–1540)d | < 0.0001 |
| CSF p-tau, pg/mLa | 53 (33–135) | 54 (16–131) | 87 (37–169)d | 93.0 (36–157)d | < 0.0001 |
Abbreviations: AD Alzheimer’s disease, APOE Apolipoprotein E, Aβ42 Amyloid-β 1–42, CSF Cerebrospinal fluid, MMSE Mini Mental State Examination, p-tau Phosphorylated tau, t-tau Total tau, AD-AD Patients diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease at inclusion, Aβ40 Amyloid-β 1–40, MCI-AD Patients with mild cognitive impairment who developed Alzheimer’s disease, MCI-MCI Patients with mild cognitive impairment that remained unchanged over 24 months
Sex is presented as percentage male vs female; age at inclusion to the study, MMSE scores, t-tau, p-tau, Aβ42 and Aβ40 levels are presented as median with range. Statistical significance for differences in MMSE scores and levels of CSF biomarkers upon pairwise comparison of control subjects with the MCI-MCI, MCI-AD and AD-AD groups is presented after Bonferroni correction (n = 6). APOE ε4 genotype status is presented as null (−/−), heterozygous (+/−) and homozygous (+/+). p Value is reported for non-parametric analysis of variance among groups by Wilcoxon/Kruskal-Wallis test
aMedian (minimum–maximum)
bp < 0.05
cp < 0.01
dp < 0.001