TABLE 1.
Minor | Any description of visualized bright red blood or blood clots resolved without operative management whether or not physician evaluation or hospitalization occurred. |
Intermediate | Diffuse venous oozing or small arterial source bleeding resulting in operating room evaluation or intervention managed with monopolar or bipolar cautery. |
Major | Brisk or copious bleeding requiring operative intervention managed with transoral or transcervical vessel ligation, or interventional radiology embolization. |
Severe | Bleeding resulting in life-threatening medical complications such as:
|
Reproduced with permission from JAMA Otolaryngol–Head Neck Surg 2013;139:1212–1218. © 2013 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.