Table 1.

Three strategies to manage CVD risk in rheumatoid arthritis.

Strategy Targets	Measures	Evidence-based Examples	Pros/Cons
RA control	Disease activity	E.g. Treat-to-Target: Reducing inflammation improves CVD risk and outcomes in multiple trials [14–17]	Pro: Leverages rheumatologist expertise
			Con: Overlooks other modifiable risk factors
Individual risk	Framingham or SCORE calculation with 1.5 multiplier	E.g. 30 minute nurse visits for CVD risk assessment identified many new risk factor diagnoses (e.g. new diabetes in 14%) [49]	Pro: Comprehensive
			Con: Resource intensive
Population risk	Hypertension (BP) Smoking status Cholesterol Diabetes (A1C) Obesity (BMI) Inactivity	E.g. Staff protocols increased blood pressure control from 50% to 80% in a health maintenance organization [61]	Pro: Broad reach, empowers non-MD staff
			Con: Targets specific risk factors, not comprehensive