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. 2018 Jan 30;8:1904. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-20314-3

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Polarity analysis of the ELVd RNAs that accumulated in E. coli cells that co-express ELVd RNA and eggplant tRNA ligase. RNAs were separated by PAGE, stained with ethidium bromide, transferred to membranes and hybridized with RNA radioactive probes to detect ELVd RNAs of plus (a) and minus (b) polarities. Lane 1, total RNAs purified from an ELVd-infected eggplant; lanes 2 to 5, ELVd RNAs purified from E. coli cells transformed with pLELVd and p15tRnlSm. To better appreciate the differential hybridization with both ELVd probes, ELVd RNAs from E. coli (lane 5) were loaded serially diluted 1/10 in lane 4, 1/100 in lane 3 and 1/1000 in lane 2. The positions and sizes (in nt) of RNA markers are indicated on the left of both panels. The positions of monomeric circular and linear ELVd RNAs are indicated on the right of both panels.