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. 2018 Jan 30;8:1866. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-20251-1

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Simultaneous imaging of cellular and environmental cAMP. (a) Intra-cellular synthesis and extra-cellular relay of cAMP in a population of D. discoideum cells, detected by R-FlincA and PKA RIα #7, respectively. Cytoplasmically expressed iRFP was the volume marker for correcting the motion artefact noise in R-FlincA signals. (b) The spatio-temporal dynamics of the environmental (top) and cellular (bottom) cAMP in a population of synchronously oscillating D. discoideum cells. Bar, 100 μm. (c) The population-averaged time courses of the [cAMP]_in and [cAMP]_ex in the solid inset in (b). (d) Pulse timing at the cell resolution in a wave receiving area (top, dashed inset in (b) and the centre of the de novo cAMP wave (bottom, solid inset in (b). Circles indicate the positions of individual cells. Colours discriminate the pulse timing. Bar, 100 μm. See also Supplementary Video S1.