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. 2018 Jan 30;8:1910. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-20208-4

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Transmission of B. burgdorferi in the blood using artificial membrane feeding. (A) Feeding of naïve (control) and wild type infectious B. burgdorferi-infected nymphal ticks on the membrane feeder. (B) Relative pathogen burden (as expressed by mean Cq values) obtained with qRT-PCR using primers targeting flaB. Error bars are showing ±SEM. The blood meal samples were collected between days 4–6 after feeding of naïve or infected ticks and used for detection of spirochetes via qRT-PCR or cultured to detect spirochetes via dark-field microscopy. (C) Amplification and specificity of spirochete detection via qRT-PCR. Amplification curves in blood samples are shown as follows: B. burgdorferi-infected ticks (red), naive control ticks (blue) and no DNA (template) controls (green). Inset graph shows a typical melting peak specific for flaB amplification.