Table 1.
Efferocytosis receptors in professional phagocytes and tissue epithelia.
| Name | Cell type | Target | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Professional phagocyte receptors (macrophages/dendritic cells) | |||
| αvβ3 integrins | Macrophages | Lactadherin (MFG-E8)—PtdSer, vitronectin | (67–69) |
| αvβ5 integrins | Macrophages | Lactadherin (MFG-E8)—PtdSer, vitronectin | (67, 69–72) |
| Dendritic cells | |||
| Axl | Monocytes/macrophages | Gas6-PtdSer, Tubby-like protein 1 (GULP), Protein S | (73–76) |
| BAI1 (brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1) | Macrophages | PtdSer | (77) |
| Calrecticulin/CD91 | Monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils | Complement component C1q | (34) |
| CD11/b/c/CD18 | Monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, human DCs | Complement component C3bi | (78, 79) |
| CD14 | Macrophages | Phospholipids (not PtdSer-dependent) | (80, 81) |
| CD36 | Macrophages | Thrombospondin + PtdSer + oxLDLs | (82–84) |
| Clec9a | Dendritic cells | Necrotic cells, exposed actin filaments | (85, 86) |
| LOX1 | Macrophages | oxLDLs—PtdSer | (28, 87) |
| MARCO | Macrophages | Uncertain | (88) |
| MerTK | Monocytes/macrophages | Gas6-PtdSer, Tubby, Protein S, Tubby-like protein 1, Protein S | (75, 89, 90) |
| Phosphatidylserine receptor (PSR) | Monocytes/macrophages | PtdSer | (91) |
| RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end products) | Alveolar macrophages | PtdSer | (60) |
| SCARF1 | Monocytes and dendritic cells | Complement component C1q—PtdSer | (43) |
| Scavenger receptor A (SR-A) | Macrophages | Uncertain | (88) |
| SIGN-R1 (specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing nonintegrin-related 1) (murine) | Mouse marginal zone macrophages | Not confirmed for apoptotic cells | (92) |
| Stabilin-1 (CLEVER-1) | Tissue-specific, alternatively activated macrophages | PtdSer | (61) |
| Stabilin-2 | Macrophages | PtdSer | (57) |
| TIM-3 (T cell/transmembrane, immunoglobulin, and mucin 3) | Dendritic cells | PtdSer | (93) |
| TIM-4 | Monocytes/macrophages | PtdSer | (94) |
| Tyro3 (sky) | Monocytes/macrophages | Gas6-PtdSer, Protein S, Tubby-like protein 1, Protein S | (73–76) |
| Non-professional phagocytes | |||
| αvβ5 integrins | Retinal epithelial cells | Lactadherin (MFG-E8)-PtdSer | (95) |
| ASGPR (asialoglycoprotein receptor) | Hepatocytes | asialoglycoprotein | (96, 97) |
| CD36 | Retinal Pigment cells | PtdSer | (98) |
| KIM-1 (kidney injury molecule 1)/TIM1 T cell/transmembrane, immunoglobulin, and mucin 1 | Injured kidney endothelial cells | PtdSer | (99) |
| LOX1 | Endothelial cells | oxLDLs—PtdSer. Ca2+-dependent | (28, 100) |
| MerTK | Retinal pigment cells | Gas6-PtdSer, Tubby, Protein S, Tubby-like protein | (89, 90) |
| Phosphatidylserine receptor (PSR) | Fibroblasts | PtdSer | (91) |
| Epithelial cells | |||
| T and B lymphocytes (ectopic expression) | |||
| SCARF-1 (SREC-1) | Endothelial cells | Complement component C1q—PtdSer | (43) |
| Stabilin-1 (Clever-1) | Human sinusoidal endothelial cells | PtdSer | (101) |
| Stabilin-2 | Human sinusoidal endothelial cells | PtdSer | (101) |