Table 2.
Description of health outcomes in prospectively enrolled cases at discharge, 3 months, and 9 months, retrospectively enrolled cases and controls
| Outcome | Prospective cases, n(%) | Retrospective cases, n(%) (n = 31) |
Controls n(%) (n = 270) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Discharge (n = 45) |
3 months (n = 30) |
9 months (n = 45) |
|||
| Hearing impairmenta | |||||
| No impairment | 2 (4.5) | 3 (10) | 1 (2.2) | 2 (6.5) | 66 (24.4) |
| Mild | 5 (11.4) | 7 (23.3) | 18 (40.0) | 9 (29.0) | 163 (60.4) |
| Moderate | 13 (29.5) | 5 (16.7) | 8 (17.8) | 6 (19.4) | 35 (13.0) |
| Moderately severe | 7 (15.9) | 2 (6.7) | 2 (4.4) | 4 (12.9) | 2 (0.7) |
| Severe | 3 (6.8) | 2 (6.7) | 3 (6.7) | 2 (6.5) | 3 (1.1) |
| Profound | 3 (6.8) | 0 (0) | 2 (4.4) | 2 (6.5) | 0 (0) |
| Complete | 11 (25.0) | 11 (36.7) | 11 (24.4) | 6 (19.4) | 1 (0.4) |
| m-CTSIB result | |||||
| Balance disorder | 37 (82.2) | 20 (66.7) | 29 (64.4) | 20 (64.5) | 79 (29.3) |
| Vestibular dysfunction b | 16 (66.7) | 15 (60.0) | 16 (50.0) | 13 (54.2) | 75 (28.2) |
| VSS symptoms | |||||
| Vertigo | na | 12 (40.0) | 10 (22.2) | 12 (38.7) | 55 (20.4) |
| Dizziness | na | 20 (66.7) | 22 (48.9) | 18 (58.1) | 63 (23.3) |
| Unsteadiness | na | 16 (53.3) | 18 (40) | 15 (48.4) | 25 (9.3) |
| At least one symptom c | na | 22 (73.3) | 23 (51.1) | 21 (67.7) | 99 (36.7) |
| All 3 symptoms c | na | 9 (30) | 9 (20) | 9 (29) | 12 (4.4) |
| Visual impairment d | 5 (11.1) | 4 (13.3) | 7 (15.5) | 2 (6.5) | 15 (5.5) |
| Cognitive impairment e | 16 (40) | 5 (19.2) | 10 (23.8) | 8 (25.8) | 59 (21.9) |
| Hearing handicap f | na | 14 (58.3) | 16 (39) | 11 (42.3) | 16 (7.8) |
| Dizziness handicap g | na | 10 (52.6) | 10 (50) | 12 (70.5) | 16 (26.2) |
| Having problem in each EQ-5D domain | |||||
| Mobility | na | 8 (26.7) | 8 (17.8) | 6 (19.4) | 5 (1.9) |
| Self-care | na | 4 (13.3) | 6 (13.3) | 1 (3.2) | 1 (0.4) |
| Usual activities | na | 6 (20.0) | 7 (15.6) | 2 (6.5) | 1 (0.4) |
| Pain/ Discomfort | na | 11 (36.7) | 12 (26.7) | 10 (32.3) | 50 (18.5) |
| Anxiety/ Depression | na | 10 (33.3) | 10 (22.2) | 2 (6.5) | 132 (48.9) |
| Self-rated health h, median (IQR) | na | 90 (70–97) | 90 (70–90) | 75 (60–85) | 88 (75–95) |
Data are presented as count (%) or otherwise specified. Two sepsis patients only had very mild hearing loss (PTA = 21.2 dB for the prospectively enrolled case at 9 months and 22.5 dB for the retrospectively enrolled case), and no balance disorder. m-CTSIB, modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction and Balance; VSS, Vertigo Symptoms Scale; na, not assessed; IQR, Inter-quartile range.
At 9 months, audiometry was performed in the sound-proof booth for 27 cases, and at their home for 18 cases. 17/27 cases evaluated in the sound-proof booth versus 9/18 evaluated at home had moderate hearing impairment or worse.
Denominator consists of those participating in condition 4 only.
In three symptoms: vertigo, dizziness, unsteadiness.
Defined as visual acuity in the better eye <6/18.
MMSE score ≤ 23.
Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adults score ≥18 (denominator consists of those with hearing impairment only).
Dizziness Handicap Inventory score ≥ 16 (denominator consists of those reporting dizziness only).
Subjects were asked to rate their health at the present day on a visual analogue scale, ranging from 0 (worst imaginable) to 100 (best imaginable health state) on the EQ-5D questionnaire.