Outcome measure	Evidence	Implication
Disease-oriented evidence	Clinical trials and retrospective analyses	Vinflunine when administered as second-line treatment for stage IV UC demonstrated modest gains in tumor response rate and survival
Patient-oriented evidence	Clinical trials and retrospective analyses	Risk of severe AEs must be weighed carefully against the modest survival benefit of VIN in advanced UC. However, most AEs are preventable or treatable
Economic evidence	Multicenter, observational, retrospective cohort study	VIN median treatment costs are €13,096 per patient, €44,789 per progression-free year gained, and €22,750 per life-year granted