Table 3. Rates and baseline risk factors for death within 6 months of cART initiation.
| Baseline characteristics at initiation of cART | N deaths | Rate per 100,000 PY (95% CI) | Univariable | Multivariable | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | 95% CI | p | HR | 95% CI | p | ||||||
| Sex | Male | 18 | 2,208 (1,391–3,504) | 0.80 | 0.44–1.47 | 0.469 | 0.86 | 0.45–1.64 | 0.656 | ||
| Female | 25 | 2,769 (1,871–4,098) | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - | |||||
| Age (per year increase) | <2 years | 16 | 3,143 (1,925–5,130) | 0.43 | 0.25–0.73 | 0.024 | 0.31 | 0.13–0.73 | 0.048 | ||
| ≥2–<8 years | 12 | 1,852 (1,052–3,261) | 1.27 | 1.04–1.54 | 1.23 | 0.97–1.56 | |||||
| ≥8 years | 15 | 2,674 (1,612–4,435) | 0.93 | 0.76–1.13 | 0.94 | 0.72–1.23 | |||||
| Year of birth (per year increase) | <2003 | 31 | 2,777 (1,953–3,949) | 0.93 | 0.87–1.00 | 0.012 | - | ||||
| ≥2003–<2007 | 4 | 1,208 (453–3,219) | 0.87 | 0.64–1.19 | |||||||
| ≥2007 | 8 | 2,954 (1,477–5,906) | 1.55 | 1.12–2.14 | |||||||
| Place of birth | Within country | 27 | 2,435 (1,670–3,551) | 1.00 | - | <0.001 | - | ||||
| Abroad | 8 | 1,507 (754–3,013) | 0.62 | 0.28–1.37 | |||||||
| Unknown | 8 | 10,172 (5,087–20,340) | 4.19 | 1.90–9.25 | |||||||
| Ethnicity | Black African | 10 | 1,732 (932–3,220) | 0.24 | 0.12–0.50 | <0.001 | - | ||||
| Asian | 25 | 7,215 (4,875–10,677) | 1.00 | - | |||||||
| Other | 6 | 1,258 (565–2,800) | 0.17 | 0.07–0.43 | |||||||
| Unknown | 2 | 630 (158–2,520) | 0.09 | 0.02–0.37 | |||||||
| Country group | W&CE | 14 | 1,304 (772–2,201) | 0.29 | 0.15–0.55 | <0.001 | 0.39 | 0.17–0.89 | 0.025 | ||
| EE&T | 29 | 4,501 (3,128–6,477) | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - | |||||
| AIDS diagnosis | No AIDS | 17 | 1,214 (755–1,953) | 1.00 | - | <0.001 | 1.00 | - | <0.001 | ||
| AIDS | 26 | 8,183 (5,571–12,018) | 6.73 | 3.65–12.43 | 3.91 | 2.00–7.64 | |||||
| Year of cART initiation (per year increase) | - | - | 0.65 | 0.43–0.96 | 0.032 | 0.85 | 0.54–1.33 | 0.469 | |||
| Initial regimen | NNRTI-based | 36 | 3,312 (2,389–4,592) | 1.00 | - | 0.008 | 1.00 | - | 0.057 | ||
| PI-based/other | 7 | 1,109 (529–2,326) | 0.33 | 0.15–0.75 | 0.43 | 0.18–1.03 | |||||
| Immune suppression for age | Not severe | 6 | 1,002 (450–2,230) | 0.20 | 0.08–0.47 | <0.001 | 0.37 | 0.15–0.91 | 0.004 | ||
| Severe | 36 | 5,006 (3,611–6,940) | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - | |||||
| Unknown | 1 | 250 (35–1,774) | 0.05 | 0.01–0.37 | 0.08 | 0.01–0.55 | |||||
| Viral load (c/mL) | ≤100,000 | 12 | 2,083 (1,183–3,667) | 0.63 | 0.31–1.27 | 0.260 | 0.89 | 0.41–1.92 | 0.955 | ||
| >100,000 | 21 | 3,349 (2,183–5,136) | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - | |||||
| Unknown | 10 | 1,942 (1,045–3,610) | 0.59 | 0.28–1.24 | 0.95 | 0.41–2.21 | |||||
| BMI-for-age z-score | >0 | 5 | 1,193 (497–2,866) | 0.44 | 0.15–1.24 | <0.001 | 1.02 | 0.32–3.22 | 0.006 | ||
| −3–0 | 12 | 2,726 (1,548–4,800) | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - | |||||
| <−3 | 12 | 26,209 (14,884–46,150) | 9.47 | 4.23–21.19 | 4.64 | 1.90–11.34 | |||||
| Unknown | 14 | 1,722 (1,020–2907) | 0.64 | 0.29–1.38 | 1.30 | 0.57–3.44 | |||||
Notes: The following variables were excluded from the multivariable model due to correlation: year of birth (with age and, also, year of cART initiation); place of birth (with country group); ethnicity (with country group).
cART, combination antiretroviral therapy; EE&T, Eastern Europe and Thailand; HR, hazard ratio; NNRTI, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; PI, protease inhibitor; PY, person years; W&CE, Western and Central Europe.