Table 1.

Sample characteristics, NIDS Waves 1, 2, and 3

	Wave 1		Wave 2		Wave 3
	Sample Size	Proportion/Mean (SD)	Sample Size	Proportion/Mean (SD)	Sample Size	Proportion/Mean (SD)
Total	12,868		15,351		14,567
Female	7,887	61.3%	9,226	60.1%	8,817	60.5%
Race/population group
African	10,347	80.4%	12,541	81.7%	11,882	81.6%
Coloured	1,831	14.2%	2,070	13.5%	1,997	13.7%
Asian/Indian	160	1.2%	179	1.2%	163	1.1%
White	530	4.1%	561	3.7%	525	3.6%
Age in years	12,868	37.5 (17.4)	15,351	37.9 (17.7)	14,567	39.5 (17.4)
Highest Education level
No Education	1,658	12.9%	1,772	11.7%	1,621	11.2%
Some General Ed & Training	4,291	33.4%	4,913	32.5%	4,168	28.8%
General Ed & Training	1,200	9.4%	1,459	9.7%	1,267	8.8%
Some Further Ed & Training	2,884	22.5%	3,533	23.4%	3,688	25.5%
Further Ed & Training	1,968	15.3%	2,359	15.6%	2,281	15.8%
Higher Education	831	6.5%	1,063	7.0%	1,447	10.0%
Monthly household income, Rand	6,227	5,248.9 (9,373.1)	6,442	5,479.2 (11,173.7)	7,317	5,719.8 (9,387.9)
Household size	6,227	4.1 (2.6)	6,442	4.4 (2.9)	7,317	4.2 (2.8)
Rural household	3,116	50.0%	3,393	49.4%	3,654	47.4%
Household receipt of government grants	3,604	58.1%	3,727	58.1%	4,334	59.3%
CES-D-10 score	12,438	8.1 (4.8)	13,817	7.1 (4.2)	13,625	7.0 (4.4)
Employment status
Employed	4,683	38.1%	4,302	30.5%	4,982	36.6%
Unemployed	2,315	18.8%	1,981	14.1%	2,312	17.0%
Not economically active	5,297	43.1%	7,815	55.4%	6,316	46.4%
Marital Status
Currently Married/Cohabiting	4,573	36.8%	4,699	33.2%	4,659	34.2%
Currently single	7,858	63.2%	9,451	66.8%	8,974	65.8%
Trust of neighbors
Very likely	1,210	10.2%	2,327	17.6%	1,736	13.1%
Somewhat or not likely	10,650	89.8%	10,909	82.4%	11,525	86.9%
Trust of strangers
Very likely	547	4.7%	1,322	10.2%	1,018	7.8%
Somewhat or not likely	11,208	95.3%	11,659	89.8%	11,989	92.2%