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. 2017 Dec 22;19(1):63–75. doi: 10.1080/15384047.2017.1385675

Figure 4.

Figure 4.

DOXO and IRINO are the strongest inducers of cellular senescence and activate its hallmarks: alternations of cell cycle, and an increase in expression levels of P21 and CYCLIN D1 as well as secretory phenotype. HCT116 cells were treated with LONG CHEMO protocol. Fractions of HCT116 cells in different phases of cell cycle after OXA, 5-FU, DOXO or IRINO treatment: A. G0/G1, B. G2/M and C. Fractions of polyploid cells. Cell cycle analysis was performed using PI staining and flow cytometry. D. Representative blots show expression levels of: P21 and CYCLIN D1 in OXA-, 5-FU-, DOXO- or IRINO-treated cells. GAPDH detection was used as a loading control. Secretion of E. VEGF and F. IL-8 in OXA-, 5-FU-, DOXO- or IRINO-treated HCT116 cultures. Cytokine levels were determined in supernatants harvested from untreated and treated cells by colorimetric ELISA. Results were normalized to total cell number counted in Bürker's chamber. Each bar represents mean ± SEM, N≥3; statistical significance * – p < 0,05, ** – p < 0,01, *** – p < 0,001 – untreated vs. LONG CHEMO.