Figure 8.

PD-L1 blocking invigorates the immunostimulatory effect of priming primary human glioblastoma cells with poly(I:C). (A and C) Additional blocking of PD-L1, but not PD-L2, further invigorates the immune response, as measured by IFN-γ secretion (A) and CD8⁺ T cell proliferation (C); n = 5–6; Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test. (B) Additional blockade of either PD-L1 or PD-L2 results in a modest but significant increase in granzyme B release; n = 6; Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test. Bar represents median. Symbols depict different PBMC donors each cocultured with primary glioblastoma cells derived from different glioblastoma patients. -, no compound; +, 10µg/ml blocking antibody, isotype antibody or poly(I:C); *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01.