Table 1. Oligonucleotide primer sets for real-time PCR.

Name	Sequence(5′¬3′)
β-tubulin-F	AAGATCCGAGAAGAATACCCTGA
β-tubulin-R	CTACCAACTGATGGACGGAGA
TGF-β1-F	CTAATGGTGGAAACCCACAACG
TGF-β1-R	TATCGCCAGGAATTGTTGCTG
Smad2-F	CGTCCATCTTGCCATTCACG
Smad2-R	CTCAAGCTCATCTAATCGTCGTCCTG
Smad3-F	TGGACGCAGGTTCTCCAAAC
Smad3-R	CCGGCTCGCAGTAGGTAAC
Smad4-F	CTCATGTGATCTATGCCCGTC
Smad4-R	AGGTGATACAACTCGTTCGTAGT

^*F, forward primer; R, reverse primer.