Table 1. Transthoracic echocardiographic findings at baseline and by day 5 after brain death induction.
| Variables | Group 1 (n = 6) | Group 2 (n = 6) | Group 3 (n = 6) | Group 4 (n = 6) | Group 5 (n = 6) | P value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day 0 | ||||||
| LVEDd (mm) | 8.25 ± 0.27 | 8.43 ± 0.54 | 8.32 ± 0.72 | 8.30 ± 0.83 | 8.18 ± 0.59 | 0.667 |
| LVESd (mm) | 4.64 ± 0.18 | 4.77 ± 0.34 | 4.70 ± 0.44 | 4.63 ± 0.23 | 4.64 ± 0.32 | 0.874 |
| LVEF (%) | 72.64 ± 0.26 | 72.62 ± 0.94 | 72.83 ± 1.02 | 73.66 ± 0.61 | 72.58 ± 0.43 | 0.743 |
| Day 5 | ||||||
| LVEDd (mm) | 8.22 ± 0.20 | 8.48 ± 0.27 | 8.22 ± 0.62 | 8.34 ± 0.54 | 8.31 ± 0.32 | 0.324 |
| LVESd (mm) | 4.67 ± 0.24a | 4.90 ± 0.30a | 5.67 ± 0.53b | 5.21 ± 0.24c | 5.78 ± 0.55b | < 0.0001 |
| LVEF (%) | 72.05 ± 0.45a | 71.20 ± 1.19a | 56.26 ± 1.73b | 64.83 ± 3.28c | 55.33 ± 1.45b | < 0.0001 |
Data are expressed as mean ± SD. Group 1 = normal control (NC) (only left thoracotomy); Group 2 = sham control (SC) [healthy BTEX (60 μL) implanted into LV myocardium]; Group 3 = BDEX [i.e., BD-derived extraction (60 μL) implanted into LV myocardium]; Group 4 = BDEX + Mel; Group 5 = BDEX + Mel + Luz. BTEX = brain tissue extraction; BDEX = brain-death tissue extraction; Mel = melatonin; Luz = luzindole; LVEDd = left ventricular end-diastolic dimension; LVESd = left ventricular end-systolic dimension; LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction. *Letters (a, b, c) indicate significant difference (at 0.05 level) by Tukey multiple comparison procedure.