. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Feb 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Youth Adolesc. 2017 Aug 18;47(2):369–382. doi: 10.1007/s10964-017-0728-y

Table 4.

Indirect Effects of Neighborhood Disadvantage on Smoking and Alcohol Use

	Smoking	Alcohol Use
	Est. (SE)	Est. (SE)
NH Disadvantage -> Family Income
Indirect Effect	.08 (.03) ^**	.03 (.02)
Total Effect	.49 (.14) ^***	.14 (.10)
NH Disadvantage -> Low Family Functioning
Indirect Effect	.01 (.01)	.01 (.01)
Total Effect	.43 (.14) ^**	.13 (.10)
NH Disadvantage -> Family Substance Use Environment ^a
Indirect Effect	.01 (.01)	.00 (.01)
Total Effect	.42 (.13) ^**	.12 (.10)
NH Disadvantage -> Deviant Peers
Indirect Effect	.08 (.03) ^*	.06 (.03) ^*
Total Effect	.48 (.14) ^***	.18 (.10)

Notes. N=808; Est. = estimate; SE = standard error; NH = neighborhood; each mediation model was run separately; all models controlled for associations between sociodemographic, family, and peer factors and each mediator;

= family smoking environment and family alcohol environment corresponded to each outcome.

p<.05,

^**

p<.01,

^***

p<.001.