Table 1.
Characteristics of patients with HH classified by in-hospital 28-day mortality
| Variable | Patients | Variable | Patients | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (n = 1116) | In-hospital 28-day mortality | P | Total (n = 1116) | In-hospital 28-day mortality | P | ||||
| No (n = 614) | Yes (n = 502) | No (n = 614) | Yes (n = 502) | ||||||
| Sexa | ASTmaxa | ||||||||
| Male | 61.3% (684) | 62.2% (382) | 60.2% (302) | 0.483 | 5–10× ULN | 35.4% (395) | 43.0% (264) | 26.1% (131) | < 0.001 |
| Ageb (year) | 66.0 (55.0–74.0) | 63.0 (53.0–73.0) | 68.0 (58.0–76.8) | < 0.001 | 10–20× ULN | 23.4% (261) | 23.6% (145) | 23.1% (116) | 0.985 |
| BMIb (kg/m2) | 25.4 (22.9–28.9) | 25.4 (23.0–28.5) | 25.4 (22.9–29.4) | 0.774 | > 20× ULN | 41.2% (460) | 33.4% (205) | 50.8% (255) | < 0.001 |
| Causea | Supportive therapyc | ||||||||
| Cardiac failure | 49.1% (548) | 52.3% (321) | 45.2% (227) | 0.103 | Ventilationa | 74.9% (836) | 66.4% (408) | 85.3% (428) | < 0.001 |
| Septic shock | 29.8% (333) | 25.6% (157) | 35.1% (176) | 0.003 | Medication | ||||
| Hypovolemic shock | 9.4% (105) | 9.6% (59) | 9.2% (46) | 0.999 | Inotropic agentsa | 43.2% (482) | 39.3% (241) | 48.0% (241) | 0.003 |
| Acute respiratory failure | 6.4% (71) | 7.0% (43) | 5.6% (28) | 0.927 | Vasopressor agentsa | 60.8% (678) | 51.1% (314) | 72.5% (364) | < 0.001 |
| Acute on chronic respiratory failure | 3.3% (37) | 3.7% (23) | 2.8% (14) | 0.956 | Dialysisa | 9.5% (106) | 6.8% (42) | 12.7% (64) | < 0.001 |
| Pulmonary embolism | 1.4% (16) | 1.1% (7) | 1.8% (9) | 0.945 | IABPa | 17.5% (195) | 19.5% (120) | 14.9% (75) | 0.044 |
| Hyperthermia | 0.5% (6) | 0.7% (4) | 0.4% (2) | 0.995 | LOS | ||||
| Comorbidities | ICUb (day) | 4.4 (1.2–11.7) | 6.4 (2.7–17.7) | 1.8 (0.4–7.1) | < 0.001 | ||||
| Echocardioa | Hospitalb (day) | 12.1 (3.0–28.9) | 25.7 (13.9–48.1) | 2.1 (0.4–8.1) | < 0.001 | ||||
| Overall | 0.406 | Duration | |||||||
| Normal | 40.0% (446) | 42.0% (258) | 37.5% (188) | – | Episode of HHb (h) | 54.3 (26.4–94.2) | 53.4 (23.9–94.2) | 56.7 (30.7–94.1) | 0.527 |
| LV dysfunction | 25.1% (280) | 23.5% (144) | 27.1% (136) | – | Recovery of HHb (h) | 34.7 (14.6–67.2) | 35.5 (14.1–68.0) | 32.6 (16.2–61.4) | 0.393 |
| Missing | 22.2% (248) | 22.5% (151) | 23.3% (117) | – | 28-day mortality | ||||
| LV and RV dysfunction | 8.0% (89) | 8.0% (49) | 8.0% (40) | – | ICUa | 40.8% (455) | 0.0% (0) | 90.6% (455) | < 0.001 |
| RV dysfunction | 4.7% (53) | 5.2% (32) | 4.2% (21) | – | In-hospitala | 45.0% (502) | 0.0% (0) | 100.0% (502) | < 0.001 |
| DMa | 18.7% (209) | 17.4% (107) | 20.3% (102) | 0.218 | |||||
| Chronic respiratory failurea | 11.4% (127) | 10.7% (66) | 12.2% (61) | 0.287 | |||||
| SOI scoresc | |||||||||
| APS-IIb | 28.0 (21.0–34.0) | 25.0 (18.0–32.0) | 30.0 (24.0–35.2) | 0.005 | |||||
| SAPS-IIb | 66.0 (46.0–81.0) | 54.0 (36.0–71.0) | 76.0 (58.0–89.0) | < 0.001 | |||||
APS-II acute physiology II, AST aspartate aminotransferase, ASTmax maximum AST value, BMI body mass index, HH hypoxic hepatitis, IABP intra-aortic balloon pump, ICU intensive care unit, LOS length of stay, LV left ventricle, P P value, Q1 first quartile, Q3 third quartile, RV right ventricle, SAPS-II simplified acute physiology II, SOI severity of illness, T-ASTmax time point of maximum AST value, ULN upper limit of normal
Italics indicate the significant P values
a% (n)
bMedian (Q1–Q3)
cAt T-ASTmax ± 12 h