Table 2.
Characteristics of patients with HH classified by ASTmax subgroup
| Variable | Patients | Variable | Patients | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ASTmax subgroup | P | ASTmax subgroup | P | ||||||
| 5× ULN–10× ULN (n = 395) | 10× ULN–20× ULN (n = 261) | > 20× ULN (n = 460) | 5× ULN–10× ULN (n = 395) | 10× ULN–20× ULN (n = 261) | > 20× ULN (n = 460) | ||||
| Sexa | SOI scoresc | ||||||||
| Male | 60.5% (239) | 62.5% (163) | 61.3% (282) | 0.882 | APS-IIb | 24.0 (18.0–31.0) | 26.5 (20.0–32.2) | 32.0 (24.0–37.9) | < 0.001 |
| Ageb (year) | 63.0 (45.0–73.5) | 66.0 (56.0–75.0) | 67.0 (55.8–75.0) | 0.014 | SAPS-IIb | 57.0 (36.2–74.0) | 60.0 (41.0–78.2) | 73.0 (56.0–86.5) | < 0.001 |
| BMIb (kg/m2) | 25.5 (23.1–28.7) | 25.5 (22.9–29.2) | 25.1 (22.9–28.9) | 0.647 | Supportive therapyc | ||||
| Causea | Ventilationa | 71.9% (284) | 72.4% (189) | 78.9% (363) | 0.035 | ||||
| Overall | 0.135 | Medication | |||||||
| Cardiac failure | 50.6% (200) | 49.8% (130) | 47.4% (218) | – | Inotropic agentsa | 38.5% (152) | 37.9% (99) | 50.2% (231) | < 0.001 |
| Septic shock | 29.4% (116) | 26.1% (68) | 32.4% (149) | – | Vasopressor agentsa | 50.9% (201) | 59.4% (155) | 70.0% (322) | < 0.001 |
| Hypovolemic shock | 7.6% (30) | 10.3% (27) | 10.4% (48) | – | Dialysisa | 4.8% (19) | 8.4% (22) | 14.1% (65) | < 0.001 |
| Acute respiratory failure | 7.1% (28) | 9.2% (24) | 4.1% (19) | – | IABPa | 13.7% (54) | 20.7% (54) | 18.9% (87) | 0.041 |
| Acute on chronic respiratory failure | 3.3% (13) | 1.9% (5) | 4.1% (19) | – | LOS | ||||
| Pulmonary embolism | 1.5% (6) | 1.5% (4) | 1.3% (6) | – | ICUb (day) | 4.6 (1.6–11.2) | 4.8 (1.4–11.2) | 4.0 (0.7–12.4) | 0.325 |
| Hyperthermia | 0.5% (2) | 1.1% (3) | 0.2% (1) | – | Hospitalb (day) | 12.5 (6.5–29.5) | 13.1 (4.1–27.6) | 10.2 (0.9–29.8) | 0.250 |
| Comorbidities | Duration | ||||||||
| Echocardioa | Episode of HHb (h) | 23.6 (11.4–37.2) | 56.8 (40.5–79.6) | 104.7 (78.1–132.0) | < 0.001 | ||||
| Normal | 43.8% (173) | 34.5% (90) | 39.8% (183) | 0.234 | Recovery of HHb (h) | 12.6 (6.1–22.2) | 36.2 (22.7–52.0) | 77.7 (56.6–102.4) | < 0.001 |
| LV dysfunction | 20.5% (81) | 27.6% (72) | 27.1% (136) | 0.136 | 28-day mortality | ||||
| Missing | 25.3% (100) | 26.8% (70) | 17.0% (78) | 0.008 | ICUa | 29.4% (116) | 38.3% (100) | 52.0% (239) | < 0.001 |
| LV and RV dysfunction | 5.8% (23) | 8.4% (22) | 9.6% (44) | 0.452 | In-hospitala | 33.2% (131) | 44.4% (116) | 55.4% (255) | < 0.001 |
| RV dysfunction | 4.6% (18) | 2.7% (7) | 6.1% (28) | 0.422 | |||||
| DMa | 14.9% (59) | 21.1% (55) | 20.7% (95) | 0.055 | |||||
| Chronic respiratory failurea | 12.2% (48) | 10.7% (28) | 11.1% (51) | 0.826 | |||||
APS-II acute physiology II, AST aspartate aminotransferase, ASTmax maximum AST value, BMI body mass index, HH hypoxic hepatitis, IABP intra-aortic balloon pump, ICU intensive care unit, LOS length of stay, LV left ventricle, P P value, Q1 first quartile, Q3 third quartile, RV right ventricle, SAPS-II simplified acute physiology II, SOI severity of illness, T-ASTmax time point of maximum AST value, ULN upper limit of normal
Italics indicate the significant P values
a% (n)
bMedian (Q1–Q3)
cAt T-ASTmax ± 12 h