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. 2018 Jan 26;9:10. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00010

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Copyright © 2018 Zhang, Wang, Li, Wu, Wang and Li.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Matrine induces vesicle formation, endocytosis and macropinocytosis in a time-and concentration-dependent manner. (A) The endocytosis-associated network module of matrine with expression in DLD-1. (B) Phase-contrast microscopy of the matrine-treated DLD-1 cells for 12 h shows extensive accumulation of cytoplasmic vacuoles and cell detachment in a concentration-dependent manner. (C) TEM images of matrine-treated DLD-1 cells at different concentrations for 12 h. Red arrow points at cytoplasmic vacuoles. Bar, 10 μM. (D) Live imaging of DLD-1 cells (5 mM matrine). Images collected at times of major phenotypic changes.