Table 2.
Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with HeFREF, classified by PRc quartiles
| PRc Q1 N = 355 | PRc Q2 N = 355 | PRc Q3 N = 355 | PRc Q4 N = 355 | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 70 (61–77) | 70 (61–77) | 71 (63–78) | 73 (65–79) | < 0.001 |
| Men, no. (%) | 225 (63) | 236 (67) | 259 (72) | 285 (81) | < 0.001 |
| NYHA class, no. (%) | |||||
| I | 59 (17) | 51 (14) | 54 (15) | 47 (13) | 0.002 |
| II | 193 (54) | 180 (51) | 171 (48) | 164 (46) | |
| III | 96 (27) | 114 (32) | 122 (35) | 125 (36) | |
| IV | 7 (2) | 9 (3) | 6 (2) | 19 (5) | |
| Diabetes, no. (%) | 64 (18) | 83 (23) | 96 (27) | 113 (32) | 0.001 |
| Ischaemic heart disease, no. (%) | 232 (65) | 232 (65) | 228 (64) | 240 (68) | 0.64 |
| Cerebrovascular disease, no. (%) | 17 (5) | 30 (8) | 28 (8) | 28 (8) | 0.19 |
| Body surface area (m2) | 1.86 (1.67–2.05) | 1.90 (1.71–2.08) | 1.91 (1.75–2.07) | 1.95 (1.78–2.11) | < 0.001 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 130 (115–147) | 129 (115–147) | 130 (115–147) | 128 (112–147) | 0.69 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 75 (67–83) | 75 (66–84) | 78 (69–87) | 75 (65–83) | 0.89 |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 70 (60–84) | 74 (64–87) | 72 (62–86) | 73 (62–86) | 0.34 |
| QRS (ms) | 104 (92–134) | 106 (96–136) | 114 (98–142) | 120 (104–148) | < 0.001 |
| QRS ≥ 150 ms (%) | 44 (12) | 51 (14) | 69 (19) | 88 (25) | < 0.001 |
| PR (ms) | 144 (134–151) | 164 (160–168) | 182 (176–188) | 210 (200–222) | – |
| PRc (ms) | 146 (136–152) | 166 (162–170) | 184 (178–189) | 212 (203–224) | – |
| QT (ms) | 417 (382–446) | 406 (374–440) | 412 (385–449) | 418 (384–452) | 0.15 |
| QTc (ms) | 447 (419–478) | 453 (421–482) | 454 (422–486) | 456 (424–484) | 0.01 |
| Thyroid stimulating hormone (mIU/L) | 1.5 (1.0–2.4) | 1.5 (1.0–2.3) | 1.7 (1.0–2.6) | 1.7 (1.1–2.7) | 0.01 |
| eGFR (1.73 mL/min/m2) | 66 (50–81) | 63 (48–79) | 61 (46–77) | 58 (44–71) | < 0.001 |
| NT-ProBNP (ng/L) | 1311 (582–3045) | 1048 (446–3331) | 1400 (548–3350) | 1751 (811–3915) | 0.50 |
| Ejection fraction by Simpson’s | 32 (27–38) | 33 (27–38) | 33 (27–37) | 32 (25–37) | 0.19 |
| Left ventricular dysfunction, no. (%) | 0.02 | ||||
| Normal–trivial | – | – | – | – | |
| Mild | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Mild–moderate | 227 (64) | 213 (60) | 213 (60) | 196 (55) | |
| >Moderate | 128 (36) | 142 (40) | 142 (40) | 159 (45) | |
| Mitral regurgitation > mild | 108 (31) | 100 (29) | 124 (36) | 115 (33) | 0.23 |
| β-blocker, no. (%) | 208 (60) | 222 (63) | 214 (61) | 218 (61) | 0.57 |
| ACE-I, no. (%) | 259 (74) | 254 (72) | 251 (71) | 255 (73) | 0.72 |
| ARB, no. (%) | 31 (9) | 37 (10) | 26 (7) | 39 (11) | 0.59 |
| MRA, no. (%) | 87 (25) | 109 (31) | 115 (32) | 111 (32) | 0.05 |
| Amiodarone, no. (%) | 14 (4) | 9 (3) | 14 (4) | 29 (8) | 0.005 |
| Digoxin, no. (%) | 20 (6) | 28 (8) | 32 (9) | 38 (11) | 0.01 |
| Loop diuretic, no. (%) | 234 (67) | 237 (67) | 246 (70) | 276 (78) | 0.001 |
| Ivabradine, no. (%) | 3 (0.8) | 1 (0.3) | 0 | 1 (0.3) | 0.16 |
| 1 year mortality, no. (%) | 36 (10) | 49 (14) | 36 (11) | 49 (13) | 0.34 |
Bold indicates significance at the 0.05 level
Continuous variables are presented as median (interquartile range), whereas categorical variables are expressed as numbers (percentage). P values are for differences between PRc quartiles (columns 2, 3, 4, and 5). The one-way ANOVA linear trend test was used for comparisons of continuous data across groups and the Cochran’s Chi-square trend test for categorical data
ACE-I angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB angiotensin receptor blocker, BP blood pressure, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, MRA mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, NYHA New York Heart Association. See also Supporting Tables 1 and 2